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Adam Mickiewicz
Adam Mickiewicz | |
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| Lahir | Adam Bernard Mickiewicz (1798-12-24)24 Desember 1798 Zaosie, Kegubernuran Lituania, Kekaisaran Rusia |
| Meninggal | 26 November 1855(1855-11-26) (umur 56) Istanbul, Kesultanan Utsmaniyah |
| Pemakaman | Katedral Wawel, Kraków |
| Pekerjaan | Penyair, dramawan, esais, profesor sastra |
| Bahasa | Polandia |
| Genre | Romantisisme |
| Karya terkenal | Pan Tadeusz Dziady |
| Pasangan | Celina Szymanowska (1834–55; enam anak; kematiannya) |
| Tanda tangan | |
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Adam Bernard Mickiewicz ([mit͡sˈkʲɛvit͡ʂ] (
dengarkan); 24 Desember 1798 – 26 November 1855). adalah seorang penyair, dramawan, esais, publicist, penerjemah, profesor sastra Slavia, dan aktivis politik Polandia.[1][2] Ia dianggap sebagai penyair nasional di Polandia, Lituania, dan Belarus.
Termasuk seorang tokoh utama dalam Romantisisme Polandia, ia merupakan salah satu dari "Tiga Penyair" (Trzej Wieszcze) Polandia[3] dan secara luas dianggap sebagai penyair besar Polandia.[4][5][6] Dia juga dianggap sebagai salah satu penyair Slavia[7] dan Eropa[8] yang besar dan telah dijuluki sebagai "penyair Slavia".[9] Seorang dramawan Romantis,[10] ia telah dibandingkan di Polandia dan Eropa dengan Byron dan Goethe.[9][10]
Ia dikenal terutama untuk drama puitis Dziady (Forefathers' Eve) dan puisi epik nasional Pan Tadeusz. Karya lain yang berpengaruh yaitu Konrad Wallenrod dan Grażyna. Semua ini menjadi inspirasi bagi pemberontakan melawan tiga kekuatan imperial yang telah membagi-bagi Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania.
Mickiewicz lahir di wilayah yang dipartisi Rusia dari mantan Keharyapatihan Lithuania, yang telah menjadi bagian dari Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania, dan aktif dalam perjuangan untuk memenangkan kemerdekaan bagi daerah rumahnya. Sebagai konsekuensinya, ia menghabiskan lima tahun diasingkan ke Rusia tengah, pada tahun 1829 ia berhasil meninggalkan Kekaisaran Rusia, dan seperti banyak rekannya, menghabiskan sisa hidup di luar negeri. Pertama, dia menetap di Roma, kemudian di Paris, di mana selama kurang lebih tiga tahun ia mengajar sastra Slavia di Collège de France. Dia meninggal di Istanbul di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah, di mana ia pergi untuk membantu mengatur pasukan Polandia dan Yahudi untuk melawan Rusia dalam Perang Krimea.
Pada tahun 1890, jenazahnya dipulangkan dari Montmorency, Val-d'Oise, di Prancis, ke Katedral Wawel di Kraków, Polandia.
Catatan
a ^ Czesław Miłosz and Kazimierz Wyka each note that Adam Mickiewicz's exact birthplace cannot be ascertained due to conflicting records and missing documentation.[11][12]
Referensi
- ↑ Drabble, Margaret, ed. (1985). The Oxford Companion to English Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 646. ISBN 0-19-866130-4.
- ↑ britannica.com. "Adam Mickiewicz". Diakses tanggal 26 January 2012.
- ↑ "Poland's Famous Poets". Polish-dictionary.com. Diakses tanggal 2014-08-20.
- ↑ S. Treugutt: Mickiewicz – domowy i daleki. in: A. Mickiewicz: Dzieła I. Warszawa 1998, p. 7
- ↑ E. Zarych: Posłowie. in: A. Mickiewicz: Ballady i romanse. Kraków 2001, p. 76
- ↑ Roman Koropeckyj (29 September 2010). "Adam Mickiewicz as a Polish National Icon". Dalam Marcel Cornis-Pope; John Neubauer (ed.). History of the Literary Cultures of East-Eastern Europe. John Benjamins Publishing Company. hlm. 39–. ISBN 978-90-272-3458-2. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2011.
- ↑ Krystyna Pomorska; Henryk Baran (1992). Jakobsonian poetics and Slavic narrative: from Pushkin to Solzhenitsyn. Duke University Press. hlm. 239–. ISBN 978-0-8223-1233-8. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2011.
- ↑ Andrzej Wójcik; Marek Englender (1980). Budowniczowie gwiazd. Krajowa Agencja Wydawn. hlm. 19–10. Diakses tanggal 17 March 2013.
- 1 2 Zofia Mitosek (1999). Adam Mickiewicz w oczach Francuzów [Adam Mickiewicz to French Eyes]. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. hlm. 12. ISBN 978-83-01-12639-1. Diakses tanggal 17 March 2013.
- 1 2 T. Macios, Posłowie (Afterword) to Adam Mickiewicz, Dziady, Kraków, 2004, pp. 239–40.
- ↑ Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 208. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- ↑ Kazimierz Wyka, "Mickiewicz, Adam Bernard", Polski Słownik Biograficzny, vol. XX, 1975, p. 694.
- Mieczysław Jackiewicz (1999). Literatura litewska w Polsce w XIX i XX wieku. Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego. hlm. 21. ISBN 978-83-912643-4-8. Diakses tanggal 4 June 2013.
- Jerzy Surwiło (1993). Skaičių šalis : matematikos vadovėlis II klasei. Wydawn. "Magazyn Wileński. hlm. 28. ISBN 978-5-430-01467-4. Diakses tanggal 4 June 2013.
- (Rusia) Adam Mickiewitch, Poems, Moscow, 1979, pp. 122, 340.
- (Rusia) David Tukhmanov
- "Svetainė išjungta – Serveriai.lt". Znadwiliiwilno.lt. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2015-09-05. Diakses tanggal 2013-06-18.
- Roman Koropeckyi (2008). Adam Mickiewicz. Cornell University Press. hlm. 9–12. ISBN 978-0-8014-4471-5. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2013.
- Roman Robert Koropeckyj (2008). Adam Mickiewicz: The Life of a Romantic. Cornell University Press. hlm. 93–95. ISBN 978-0-8014-4471-5. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2013.
- Krzyżanowski, Julian, ed. (1986). Literatura polska: przewodnik encyklopedyczny, Volume 1: A–M. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. hlm. 663–665. ISBN 83-01-05368-2.
- Adam Mickiewicz; Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America (1944). Poems by Adam Mickiewicz. The Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America. hlm. 63. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2013.
- "Musee Adam Mickiewicz". En.parisinfo.com. 24 March 2000. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-10.
- "Muzeum Adama Mickiewicza w Nowogródku". Ebialorus.pl. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2013-09-03. Diakses tanggal 2013-04-10.
- Kinga Olszewska (2007). Wanderers across language: exile in Irish and Polish literature of the twentieth century. MHRA. hlm. 29. ISBN 978-1-905981-08-3. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2013.
- Jerzy Peterkiewicz (1970). Polish prose and verse: a selection with an introductory essay. University of London, Athlone Press. hlm. xlvii. ISBN 978-0-485-17502-8. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2013.
- The Westminster Review. J.M. Mason. 1879. hlm. 378. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2013.
- Andrew Wachtel (1 February 2006). Remaining Relevant After Communism: The Role of the Writer in Eastern Europe. University of Chicago Press. hlm. 23. ISBN 978-0-226-86766-3. Diakses tanggal 10 April 2013.
- Kenneth R. Wulff (1992). Education in Poland: Past, Present, and Future. University Press of America. hlm. 7. ISBN 978-0-8191-8615-7. Diakses tanggal 17 March 2013.
- Yad Vashem Studies. Wallstein Verlag. 2007. hlm. 38. ISSN 0084-3296. Diakses tanggal 17 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 209. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 210. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 212. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 213. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 214. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 214–217. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 218. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 220. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 221. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 222. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 223. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 224–225. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 226. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 227. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 228. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 229. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 30. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- Czesław Miłosz (1983). The History of Polish Literature. University of California Press. hlm. 231. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2013.
- "Adomas Mickevičius (Adam Mickiewicz)". Lithuanian Classic Literature Anthology (UNESCO "Publica" series). Diakses tanggal 2011-02-23.
- Magdalena Opalski; Baṛtal, Israel (1992). Poles and Jews: A Failed Brotherhood. UPNE. hlm. 119–21. ISBN 978-0-87451-602-9. Diakses tanggal 17 March 2013.
the Frankist background of the poet's mother
- Karin Ikas; Gerhard Wagner (25 September 2008). Communicating in the Third Space. Routledge. hlm. 182. ISBN 978-0-203-89116-2. Diakses tanggal 17 March 2013.
- Wiktor Weintraub (1954). The poetry of Adam Mickiewicz. Mouton. hlm. 11. Diakses tanggal 17 March 2013.
Her (Barbara Mickiewicz) maiden name was Majewska. In old Lithuania, every baptised Jew became ennobled, and there were Majewskis of Jewish origin. That must have been the reason for the rumours, repeated by some of the poet's contemporaries, that Mickiewicz's mother was a Jewess by origin. However, genealogical research makes such an assumption rather improbable
- "Mickiewicz's mother, descended from a converted Frankist family": "Mickiewicz, Adam," Encyclopaedia Judaica. "Mickiewicz's Frankist origins were well-known to the Warsaw Jewish community as early as 1838 (according to evidence in the AZDJ of that year, p. 362). "The parents of the poet's wife also came from Frankist families": "Frank, Jacob, and the Frankists," Encyclopaedia Judaica.
- Czesław Milosz (22 May 2000). The Land of Ulro. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. hlm. 116. ISBN 978-0-374-51937-7. Diakses tanggal 17 March 2013.
The mother's low social status—her father was a land steward—argues against a Frankist origin. The Frankists were usually of the nobility and therefore socially superior to the common gentry.
- Zdzisław Jachimecki, "Chopin, Fryderyk Franciszek," Polski słownik biograficzny, vol. III, Kraków, Polska Akademia Umiejętności, 1937, p. 424.
- Zdzisław Jachimecki, "Chopin, Fryderyk Franciszek," Polski słownik biograficzny, vol. III, Kraków, Polska Akademia Umiejętności, 1937, p. 423.
- Studia Polonijne, Tomy 22–23, Towarzystwo Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2001, page 266
- Rybczonek, S., "Przodkowie Adama Mickiewicza po kądzieli" ("Adam Mickiewicz's Ancestors on the Distaff Side"), Blok-Notes Muzeum Literatury im. Adama Mickiewicza, 1999, no. 12/13.
- Balaban, Meir, The History of the Frank Movement, 2 vols., 1934–35, pp. 254–259.
- (Polandia) Paweł Goźliński, "Rzym koło Nowogródka" Diarsipkan 2012-02-20 di Wayback Machine. (Rome near Nowogródek), interview with historian Tomasz Łubieński, editor-in-chief of Nowe Ksiąźki, Gazeta Wyborcza, 16 October 1998.
- Lola Romanucci-Ross; George A. De Vos; Takeyuki Tsuda (2006). Ethnic Identity: Problems And Prospects for the Twenty-first Century. Rowman Altamira. hlm. 74. ISBN 978-0-7591-0973-5. Diakses tanggal 17 March 2013.
- Kazimierz Wyka, "Mickiewicz, Adam Bernard", Polski Słownik Biograficzny, vol. XX, 1975, p. 695.
- Kazimierz Wyka, "Mickiewicz, Adam Bernard", Polski Słownik Biograficzny, vol. XX, 1975, p. 696.
- Kazimierz Wyka, "Mickiewicz, Adam Bernard", Polski Słownik Biograficzny, vol. XX, 1975, p. 697.
- Kazimierz Wyka, "Mickiewicz, Adam Bernard", Polski Słownik Biograficzny, vol. XX, 1975, p. 698.
- Kazimierz Wyka, "Mickiewicz, Adam Bernard", Polski Słownik Biograficzny, vol. XX, 1975, p. 699.
- Kazimierz Wyka, "Mickiewicz, Adam Bernard", Polski Słownik Biograficzny, vol. XX, 1975, p. 700.
- Kazimierz Wyka, "Mickiewicz, Adam Bernard", Polski Słownik Biograficzny, vol. XX, 1975, p. 701.
- Kazimierz Wyka, "Mickiewicz, Adam Bernard", Polski Słownik Biograficzny, vol. XX, 1975, p. 702.
- Kazimierz Wyka, "Mickiewicz, Adam Bernard", Polski Słownik Biograficzny, vol. XX, 1975, p. 703.
- Kazimierz Wyka, "Mickiewicz, Adam Bernard", Polski Słownik Biograficzny, vol. XX, 1975, p. 704.
- Kazimierz Wyka, "Mickiewicz, Adam Bernard", Polski Słownik Biograficzny, vol. XX, 1975, p. 705.
- Muzeum Adama Mickiewicza w Stambule (przewodnik). Ministerstwo Kultury i Turystyki Republiki Turcji – Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, 26 November 2005.
- Vytautas Kubilius (1998). Adomas Mickevičius: poetas ir Lietuva. Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla. hlm. 49. ISBN 9986-39-082-6.
- William Richard Morfill, Poland, 1893, p. 300.
- Dalia Grybauskaitė (2008). "Address by H.E. Dalia Grybauskaitė, President of the Republic of Lithuania, at the Celebration of the 91st Anniversary of Polish Independence Day". President of the Republic of Lithuania. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2011-07-22. Diakses tanggal 2011-04-14.
- Gardner, Monica Mary (1911). Adam Mickiewicz: the national poet of Poland. New York: J.M. Dent & Sons. OCLC 464724636. Diakses tanggal 2011-04-14.
- Robert E. Alvis (2005). Religion and the rise of nationalism: a profile of an East-Central European city. Syracuse University Press. hlm. 101. ISBN 978-0-8156-3081-4. Diakses tanggal 12 January 2011.
- Olive Classe (1 December 2000). Encyclopedia of literary translation into English: M-Z. Taylor & Francis. hlm. 947–. ISBN 978-1-884964-36-7. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2011.
- Christopher John Murray (2004). Encyclopedia of the romantic era, 1760–1850, Volume 2. Taylor & Francis. hlm. 742. ISBN 978-1-57958-422-1.
- Manfred Kridl (1951). Adam Mickiewicz, poet of Poland: a symposium. Columbia University Press. hlm. 33. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2011.
- Christopher John Murray (2004). Encyclopedia of the romantic era, 1760–1850. Taylor & Francis. hlm. 739–. ISBN 978-1-57958-422-1. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2011.
- Kevin O'Connor (2006). Culture and customs of the Baltic states. Greenwood Publishing Group. hlm. 123–. ISBN 978-0-313-33125-1. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2011.
- Maureen Perrie; D. C. B. Lieven; Ronald Grigor Suny (2006). The Cambridge History of Russia: Imperial Russia, 1689–1917. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 173. ISBN 978-0-521-81529-1.
- "United Nations in Belarus – Culture". United Nations. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2011-07-06. Diakses tanggal 2010-09-17.
- Jabłoński, Rafał (2002). Warsaw and surroundings. Warsaw: Festina. hlm. 103. OCLC 680169225.
The Adam Mickiewicz Monument was unveiled in 1898 to mark the 100th anniversary of the great romantic poet's birth. The inscription on the base reads: "To the Poet from the Nation"
- Edward Henry Lewinski Corwin (1917). The Political History of Poland. Polish Book Importing Co.
- Venclova, Tomas. "Native Realm Revisited: Mickiewicz's Lithuania and Mickiewicz in Lithuania". Lituanus Volume 53, No 3 – Fall 2007. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2015-02-22. Diakses tanggal 2007-04-24.
This semantic confusion was amplified by the fact that the Nowogródek region, although inhabited mainly by Belarusian speakers, was for several centuries considered part and parcel of Lithuania Propria—Lithuania in the narrow sense; as different from the 'Ruthenian' regions of the Grand Duchy.
Artikel ini memuat teks dari suatu penerbitan yang sekarang berada dalam ranah publik: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Adam Mickiewicz" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton. ;
Bacaan lebih lanjut
- Roman Koropeckyj (2008). Adam Mickiewicz: The Life of a Romantic. Cornell UP. ISBN 978-0-8014-4471-5. Diakses tanggal 13 September 2013.
- Jadwiga Maurer (1996). "Z matki obcej--": szkice o powiązaniach Mickiewicza ze światem Żydów (Of a Foreign Mother ... Sketches about Adam Mickiewicz's Ties to the Jewish World). Fabuss. ISBN 978-83-902649-1-2. Diakses tanggal 17 March 2013.
Pranala luar
Wikisumber memiliki karya asli dari atau mengenai:
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Adam Mickiewicz.
- Karya Adam Mickiewicz di Project Gutenberg
- Karya oleh/tentang Adam Mickiewicz di Internet Archive (pencarian dioptimalkan untuk situs non-Beta)
- Karya Adam Mickiewicz di LibriVox (buku suara domain umum)
- Four Sonnets translated by Leo Yankevich
- Translation of "the Akkerman Steppe"
- Sonnets from the Crimea (Sonety krymskie) translated by Edna W. Underwood
- Adam Mickiewicz Selected Poems (in English) Diarsipkan 2006-09-01 di Wayback Machine.
- Mickiewicz's works: text, concordances and frequency list
- Polish Literature in English Translation: Mickiewicz
- Adam Mickiewicz Museum Istanbul (in Turkish)
- Polish poetry in English (includes a few poems by Mickiewicz) Diarsipkan 2011-05-16 di Wayback Machine.
- Adam Mickiewicz Diarsipkan 2012-10-21 di Wayback Machine. at culture.pl
Templat:Adam Mickiewicz Templat:Tiga Penyair
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Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Adam Mickiewicz.