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Puri (Puri: Kwaytikindo 'language'[3]) is an extinct and revitalizing language of eastern Brazil, spoken by the Puri people. It ceased being spoken sometime in the 19th century, but the Puri people have reconstructed the language, and a number of second-language speakers exist, according to the Ethnologue.[2] It can be considered a language isolate, with the related Coroado language seen as a dialect.
Puri and Coroado (sometimes collectively called Purian) may be related to Waitaká, which is unattested. Previously, the Koropó language, once spoken in Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, was seen as Purian by Loukotka (1935),[5] but it has been proven to be part of the Maxakalían languages instead by Ramirez et al. (2015).[4][6]
Purian was initially part of the Macro-Jê proposal. However, when Coropó is removed, there are not sufficient lexical connections to maintain this classification.[7]
The Waitaká and Maromomin languages, both extinct, are possibly belonging to the Purian family, but this is not confirmable as no linguistic information was recorded.[8][9]
Dialects
Mason (1950) lists the following dialects of Coroado and Puri:[10]
In the 2010s, a Puri language revitalization project was launched in the indigenous village of Maraká’nà (Maracanã), Rio de Janeiro State.[11] In 2021, a primer was published.[12]
Documentation
The Purian languages are only attested by a few word lists from the 19th century. The lists are:[4]
↑Dixon, Robert M. W.; Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. (1999). The Amazonian languages. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge (GB): Cambridge university press. p.166. ISBN978-0-521-57021-3.
↑Marlière, Guido Thomaz. 1906. "Escritos avulsos, correspondência" Revista do Arquivo Público Mineiro, Belo Horizonte, Ano X, fascículos III e IV, pp. 383-668.
↑Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de. 2000. Viagem pelas províncias do Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte: Editora Itatiaia.
Bibliography
Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-509427-1.
Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp.46–76). London: Routledge.
† indicates an extinct language, italics indicates independent status of a language, bold indicates that a language family has at least 6 members, * indicates moribund status
