Neoplecostomus Etymology
Neoplecostomus prefixes neo- , for "new" onto plecostomus , as this genus was proposed as a subgenus of Plecostomus Hypostomus and classified in the subfamily Hypostominae .[ 5]
Species
There are currently 21 recognized species in this genus:[ 3]
Neoplecostomus altimontanus Uzeda , Paiola , Siqueira-Cesar , Okubo , Marques-Frisoni , B. N. Andrade & Langeani , 2024Neoplecostomus bandeirante Roxo , C. de Oliveira & Zawadzki , 2012[ 6] Neoplecostomus botucatu Roxo, C. de Oliveira & Zawadzki, 2012 [ 6] Neoplecostomus canastra Roxo, Silva, Zawadzki & Oliveira, 2017 Neoplecostomus corumba Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008 Neoplecostomus doceensis Roxo, G. S. C. Silva , Zawadzki & C. de Oliveira, 2014 [ 7] Neoplecostomus espiritosantensis Langeani, 1990 Neoplecostomus franciscoensis Langeani, 1990 Neoplecostomus granosus (Valenciennes , 1840) Neoplecostomus jaguari B. N. Andrade & Langeani, 2014 [ 8] Neoplecostomus langeanii Roxo, C. de Oliveira]& Zawadzki, 2012 [ 6] Neoplecostomus microps (Steindachner , 1877) Neoplecostomus paranensis Langeani, 1990 Neoplecostomus paraty Cherobim , Lazzarotto & Langeani, 2017[ 9] Neoplecostomus pirangaensis J. C. Oliveira & Oyakawa , 2019[ 10] Neoplecostomus ribeirensis Langeani, 1990 Neoplecostomus sapucai Uzeda, Paiola, Siqueira-Cesar, Okubo, Marques-Frisoni B. N. Andrade & Langeani, 2024 Neoplecostomus selenae Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008 Neoplecostomus variipictus Bizerril , 1995Neoplecostomus watersi G. S. C. Silva, Reia , Zawadzki & Roxo, 2019 Neoplecostomus yapo Zawadzki, Pavanelli & Langeani, 2008 Characteristics
Neoplecostomus catfishes can be distinguished from all other loricariids by a modified shield of small plates on the abdomen with posteriorly directed odontodes ; the shield appears to act as a holdfast. The color pattern is generally mottled brown with the abdomen white. The head is long, rounded, and shovel-shaped. The fin spines are weak.[ 11] 8 to 11 cm (3.1–4.3 in) SL .[ 2]
Distribution and habitat
Neoplecostomus catfishes are endemic to Brazil where they live in fast-flowing water.[ 11]
References
1 2 3 4 Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Hypoptopomatinae" . Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 5 May 2026 . 1 2 Froese, Rainer ; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Neoplecostomus " . FishBase 1 2 Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Neoplecostomus " . Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 8 May 2026 . ↑ Pereira, Edson H. Lopes (2005). "Resurrection of Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae), and description of a new species from the Rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil" . Neotropical Ichthyology . 3 (2): 271– 276. doi :10.1590/S1679-62252005000200004 ↑ Christopher Scharpf (28 February 2026). "Family LORICARIIDAE: Subfamily HYPOPTOPOMATINAE Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1890 (Cascudinhos)" . The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database . Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 8 May 2026 . 1 2 3 Roxo, F.F.; Oliveira, C.; Zawadzki, C.H. (2012). "Three new species of Neoplecostomus (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Upper Rio Paraná basin of southeastern Brazil" (PDF) . Zootaxa . 3233 : 1– 21. doi :10.11646/zootaxa.3233.1.1 . ↑ Roxo, F.F.; Silva, G.S.C.; Zawadzki, C.H.; Oliveira, C. (2014). "Neoplecostomus doceensis : a new loricariid species (Teleostei, Siluriformes) from the rio Doce basin and comments about its putative origin" . ZooKeys (440): 115– 127. Bibcode :2014ZooK..440..115R . doi :10.3897/zookeys.440.8203 PMC 4195942 PMID 25317064 . ↑ Andrade, B.N.; Langeani, F. (2014). "A new species of Neoplecostomus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae) from the upper rio Paraná basin" (PDF) . Neotropical Ichthyology . 12 (4): 675– 681. doi :10.1590/1982-0224-20130195 . ↑ Cherobim, A.M.; Lazzarotto, H.; Langeani, F. (2017). "A new species of the catfish Neoplecostomus (Loricariidae: Neoplecostominae) from a coastal drainage in southeastern Brazil" (PDF) . Neotropical Ichthyology . 14 (4): e160015. ↑ Oliveira, Jose; Oyakawa, Osvaldo (2019). "New loricariid fishes from headwaters on Serra da Mantiqueira and Complexo do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae)". Zootaxa . 4586 (3): 401. doi :10.11646/zootaxa.4586.3.1 . PMID 31716114 . 1 2 Armbruster, Jonathan W. "Neoplecostomus Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888" . Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 2007-07-13 .
