He was born in Dublin, of an old Irish Roman Catholic family, the son of Martin Shee, a merchant, who regarded the profession of a painter as an unsuitable occupation for a descendant of the Shees. His son Martin nevertheless studied art in the Royal Dublin Society and came to London. There, in 1788, he was introduced by Edmund Burke[1] to Joshua Reynolds, on whose advice he studied in the schools of the Royal Academy of Arts.
In 1789, he exhibited his first two pictures, the Head of an Old Man and Portrait of a Gentleman. Over the next ten years he steadily increased in practice. He was chosen an associate of the Royal Academy in 1798.
In 1789, he married Mary, eldest daughter of James Power of Youghal.[2] In 1800 he was elected a Royal Academician. He moved to George Romney's former house at 32 Cavendish Square, and set up as his successor. He was acknowledged as one of the In addition to his portraits he executed various subjects and historical works, such as Lavinia, Belisarius, his diploma picture Prospero and Miranda, and the Daughter of Jephthah.[citation needed] In 1809 he donated his history paintingBelisarius as his diploma work to the Royal Academy of Arts, as portraits were not permitted. It depicts a scene from Byzantine Empire, popular with artists of the era.[3] During the Regency era he continued to produce portraits of leading figures, but was often overshadowed by his friend and rival Thomas Lawrence.[4]
Portrait of the Irish politician Henry Grattan, a friend of Archer Shee.
In 1805 he published a poem consisting of Rhymes on Art, and a second part followed in 1809. Lord Byron spoke well of it in his English Bards and Scotch Reviewers. Shee published another small volume of verse in 1814, entitled The Commemoration of Sir Joshua Reynolds, and other Poems, but this was less successful. He also produced a tragedy, Alasco, set in Poland. The play was accepted at Covent Garden, but was refused a licence, on the grounds that it contained treasonable allusions, and Shee angrily resolved to make his appeal to the public. He carried out his threat in 1824, but Alasco was still on the list of unacted dramas in 1911. He also published three novels – Oldcourt (1829, in three volumes), Cecil Hyde (1834) and Harry Calverley (1835).[2]
Archer Shee benefited from the support of William IV who came to the throne in 1830. In 1843 he produced a Portrait of Queen Victoria depicting the young queen, commissioned from him by the academy.[8] He recognised the talent of the young John Everett Millais and encouraged his parents to let him pursue painting as a career. [9]
In an examination before the parliamentary committee of 1836 concerning the functions of the Royal Academy, he ably defended its rights. The following year the Royal Academy relocated from Somerset House to its new home at the National Gallery. He continued to paint till 1845, when illness made him retire to Brighton. He was deputised for at the Academy by J. M. W. Turner, who had appointed him a trustee of the projected Turner almshouse. From 1842 to 1849, he was the first president of the Birmingham Society of Artists.[10]
Death
Shee died in Brighton in 1850 and was buried in the western extension to St Nicholas' Churchyard in Brighton. His headstone remains, but has been laid flat and moved to the perimeter of the site.[11]
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