The genus name, Macronovirus, is a combination of Macro, from the host Macrobrachium rosenbergii and no, from helper virus nodavirus.[3]
The family name, Sarthroviridae, is a combination of S, from Small and arthro, from host arthropoda.[4]
Hosts
Macronovirus's cell tropism is muscle and connective cells of diseased animals, and its natural hosts are arthropods.[4]
Structure
The virion of XSV has a genome consisting of linear single-stranded RNA of positive polarity, 0.8kb in size, with two genes. This encodes two capsid proteins, CP-17 and CP-16. The virion is non-enveloped, spherical, with a capsid of about 15nm with icosahedral symmetry. The virion is constructed from two capsid proteins CP-17 and CP-16. It has a Monopartite, linear, ssRNA(+) genome.[3]
Gene expression
The virion RNA is infectious and serves as both the genome and viral messenger RNA.[3]
Replication
Its replication is cytoplasmic, and has 8 steps.[3]
Attachement to host receptors mediates entry into the host cell.
Uncoating, and release of the viral genomic RNA into the cytoplasm.
Viral RNA is translated in a polyprotein to produce replication proteins.
Replication by helper virus occurs in viral factories made of membrane vesicles derived from the ER. A dsRNA genome is synthesized from the genomic ssRNA(+).
The dsRNA genome is transcribed/replicated thereby providing viral mRNAs/new ssRNA(+) genomes.
