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HMCS Wetaskiwin

Flower-class corvette

History

HMCS Wetaskiwin, circa 1943-1944.




Canada
Name	Wetaskiwin
Namesake	Wetaskiwin, Alberta
Ordered	14 February 1940
Builder	Burrard Dry Dock Co. Ltd., North Vancouver
Laid down	11 April 1940
Launched	18 July 1940
Commissioned	17 December 1940
Identification	Pennant number: K175
Honours and awards	Atlantic 1941-45;^[1] Gulf of St. Lawrence 1944^[2]
Fate	Sold to Venezuelan Navy as ARV Victoria


Venezuela
Name	Victoria
Acquired	purchased from Royal Canadian Navy
Commissioned	1946
Out of service	1962
Fate	Scrapped 1962


General characteristics
Class & type	Flower-class corvette (original)^[3]
Displacement	925 long tons (940 t; 1,036 short tons)
Length	205 ft (62.48 m)o/a
Beam	33 ft (10.06 m)
Draught	11.5 ft (3.51 m)
Propulsion	single shaft 2 × fire tube Scotch boilers 1 × 4-cycle triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine 2,750 ihp (2,050 kW)
Speed	16 knots (29.6 km/h)
Range	3,500 nautical miles (6,482 km) at 12 knots (22.2 km/h)
Complement	85
Sensors & processing systems	1 × SW1C or 2C radar 1 × Type 123A or Type 127DV sonar
Armament	1 × BL 4 in (102 mm) Mk.IX single gun 2 × .50 cal machine gun (twin) 2 × Lewis .303 cal machine gun (twin) 2 × Mk.II depth charge throwers 2 × depth charge rails with 40 depth charges originally fitted with minesweeping gear, later removed

HMCS Wetaskiwin was a Flower-class corvette of the Royal Canadian Navy that served during the Second World War. She served primarily as a convoy escort in the Battle of the Atlantic. She was named after the city of Wetaskiwin, Alberta. Wetaskiwin was the first Pacific coast built corvette to enter service with the Royal Canadian Navy.^[4]

Background

Main article: Flower-class corvette

Flower-class corvettes like Wetaskiwin serving with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were different from earlier and more traditional sail-driven corvettes.^[5]^[6]^[7] The "corvette" designation was created by the French for classes of small warships; the Royal Navy borrowed the term for a period but discontinued its use in 1877.^[8] During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s, Winston Churchill reactivated the corvette class, needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity, in this case based on a whaling ship design.^[9] The generic name "flower" was used to designate the class of these ships, which – in the Royal Navy – were named after flowering plants.^[10]

Corvettes commissioned by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were named after communities for the most part, to better represent the people who took part in building them. This idea was put forth by Admiral Percy W. Nelles. Sponsors were commonly associated with the community for which the ship was named. Royal Navy corvettes were designed as open sea escorts, while Canadian corvettes were developed for coastal auxiliary roles which was exemplified by their minesweeping gear. Eventually the Canadian corvettes would be modified to allow them to perform better on the open seas.^[11]

Construction

Originally named Banff for Banff, Alberta, she was ordered 14 February 1940 as part of the 1939-1940 Flower-class building program.^[11] She was laid down by Burrard Dry Dock Co. Ltd. in North Vancouver on 11 April 1940 and launched on 18 July 1940.^[2]^[12] Before commissioning her name was changed due to a name conflict with a Royal Navy vessel and she was commissioned as Wetaskiwin on 17 December 1940 at Esquimalt, British Columbia.^[4]^[11]

During her career, Wetaskiwin had three significant refits. The first began in February 1942 at Liverpool, Nova Scotia. The second began in mid-January 1943 and was completed in March at Liverpool. Further repairs were needed at Halifax after the refit was completed. In December 1943, Wetaskiwin was sent to Galveston, Texas to refit. This refit took until 6 March 1944 during which her fo'c'sle was extended. It was to be her final major refit of the war.^[4]^[12]

War duty

After working up in the Pacific, Wetaskiwin was transferred to the Atlantic Ocean in March 1941. She arrived at Halifax 13 April 1941. In May she was assigned to the Newfoundland Escort Force as a convoy escort on the route between St. John's and Iceland. She remained with this unit until January 1942, when she departed for refit. During this assignment, Wetaskiwin participated in the battles for convoy SC 42 in September 1941 and convoy SC 48 in October 1941.^[4]

After returning to service, Wetaskiwin joined the Mid-Ocean Escort Force (MOEF) escort group C-3. While escorting Convoy ON 115, on 31 July 1942 she shared the destruction of U-588 with HMCS Skeena.^[4] She also participated in the battle for Convoy SC 109.

After yard overhaul, Wetaskiwin was assigned to MOEF escort group A-3 for the battle of Convoy HX 233. When group A3 disbanded, Wetaskiwin was assigned to MOEF group C-5 in May 1943 and participated in the battle for Convoy HX 305.^[10] Wetaskiwin escorted North American coastal convoys with the Western Local Escort Force (WLEF) from October 1944 until May 1945.^[13] As a member of WLEF she was assigned to escort group W-7 for the majority of her time with the force.^[4]

Trans-Atlantic convoys escorted

Convoy	Escort Group	Dates	Notes
HX 147		29 August – 8 September 1941^[14]	64 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Iceland
SC 42		10–16 September 1941^[15]	Newfoundland to Iceland; 15 ships torpedoed & sunk
ON 16		20–26 September 1941^[16]	42 ships escorted without loss from Iceland to Newfoundland
SC 48		9–17 October 1941^[15]	Newfoundland to Iceland; 9 ships torpedoed & sunk
ON 27		23 October – 2 November 1941^[16]	61 ships escorted without loss from Iceland to Newfoundland
SC 54		12–22 November 1941^[15]	70 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Iceland
ON 40		30 November – 4 December 1941^[16]	28 ships escorted without loss from Iceland to Newfoundland
SC 60		19–28 December 1941^[15]	22 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Iceland
ON 52		5–11 January 1942^[16]	42 ships escorted without loss from Iceland to Newfoundland
HX 191	MOEF group C3	28 May – 5 June 1942^[14]	24 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 104	MOEF group C3	17–27 June 1942^[16]	36 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
SC 90	MOEF group C3	6–16 July 1942^[15]	32 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 115	MOEF group C3	25 July – 2 August 1942^[16]	Northern Ireland to Newfoundland; 3 ships torpedoed (2 sank)
HX 202	MOEF group C3	12–17 August 1942^[14]	43 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Iceland
ON 121	MOEF group C3	17–20 August 1942^[16]	34 ships escorted without loss from Iceland to Newfoundland
SC 98	MOEF group C3	2–12 September 1942^[15]	69 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 131	MOEF group C3	19–28 September 1942^[16]	54 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 210	MOEF group C3	7–14 October 1942^[14]	36 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 141	MOEF group C3	26 October – 3 November 1942^[16]	59 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
SC 109	MOEF group C3	16–28 November 1942^[15]	Newfoundland to Northern Ireland; 2 ships torpedoed (1 sank)
ON 152	MOEF group C3	10–28 December 1942^[16]	15 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 221	MOEF group C3	31 December 1942 – 5 January 1943^[14]	36 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
HX 233	MOEF group A3	12–20 April 1943^[14]	Newfoundland to Northern Ireland; 1 ship torpedoed & sunk
ON 182	MOEF group C5	7–16 May 1943^[16]	56 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 240	MOEF group C5	25 May – 3 June 1943^[14]	56 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 188	MOEF group C5	11–20 June 1943^[16]	56 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 245	MOEF group C5	29 June – 5 July 1943^[14]	84 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 193	MOEF group C5	17–25 July 1943^[16]	80 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 250	MOEF group C5	5–11 August 1943^[14]	75 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 199	MOEF group C5	27 August – 4 September 1943^[16]	59 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 256	MOEF group C5	15–21 September 1943^[14]	59 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 205	MOEF group C5	6–16 October 1943^[16]	66 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 262	MOEF group C5	24 October – 2 November 1943^[14]	59 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 211	MOEF group C5	14–24 November 1943^[16]	49 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 295	MOEF group C5	15–23 June 1944^[14]	80 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 243	MOEF group C5	4–12 July 1944^[16]	89 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 300	MOEF group C5	24 July – 3 August 1944^[14]	166 ships escorted without loss from Newfoundland to Northern Ireland in the largest convoy of the war
ON 248S	MOEF group C5	11–21 August 1944^[16]	102 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 305	MOEF group C5	30 August – 9 September 1944^[14]	Newfoundland to Northern Ireland; 2 ships torpedoed & sunk
ON 255	MOEF group C5	23 September – 4 October 1944^[16]	84 ships escorted without loss from Northern Ireland to Newfoundland

Post-war service

Following the end of hostilities, Wetaskiwin was paid off at Sorel, Quebec 19 June 1945.^[3] In 1946 she was sold to the Venezuelan Navy and renamed Victoria. She was discarded and sold for scrapping in 1962.^[4]

Ship's badge

Between 1910 and 1948, there were no official badges or insignia for the Royal Canadian Navy's ships. During the Second World War, many ships in the rapidly expanding RCN had an unofficial badge, often using humorous imagery or cartoon characters and other references to popular culture. In the case of corvettes, they were usually mounted on the shield for the ship's 4-inch gun or on the outside of the bridge.^[17] Wetaskiwin's badge featured a queen of hearts sitting in a puddle of water, which was a reference to the ship's nickname: "Wet Ass Queen".

The original "wet ass queen" painting from the Wetaskiwin's wardroom bulkhead hangs on the wall at the Crow's Nest Officer's Club in St. John's Newfoundland. Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine. The reproduction was painted by Burnie Forbes, a rating (ordinary seaman), at the request of the Wetaskiwin's CO, in 1942. Because Forbes was not an officer, he was not permitted in the club to see the original and had to paint the gun shield based on descriptions of the original from the ship's officers.

A mural of HMCS Wetaskiwin adorns the side of the Royal Canadian Legion hall in Wetaskiwin, Alberta.

References

↑ "Battle Honours". Britain's Navy. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
1 2 "HMCS Wetaskiwin by the numbers". Wetaskiwin Times. 28 April 2010. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
1 2 Lenton, H.T.; Colledge, J.J (1968). British and Dominion Warships of World War II. Doubleday & Company. pp. 201, 211.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Macpherson, Ken; Burgess, John (1981). The ships of Canada's naval forces 1910–1981 : a complete pictorial history of Canadian warships. Toronto: Collins. pp. 88–89, 231–232. ISBN 0-00216-856-1.
↑ Ossian, Robert. "Complete List of Sailing Vessels". The Pirate King. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
↑ Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. (1978). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons & Warfare. Vol. 11. London: Phoebus. pp. 1137–1142.
↑ Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II. New Jersey: Random House. 1996. p. 68. ISBN 0-517-67963-9.
↑ Blake, Nicholas; Lawrence, Richard (2005). The Illustrated Companion to Nelson's Navy. Stackpole Books. pp. 39–63. ISBN 0-8117-3275-4.
↑ Chesneau, Roger; Gardiner, Robert (June 1980). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. Naval Institute Press. p. 62. ISBN 0-87021-913-8.
1 2 Milner, Marc (1985). North Atlantic Run. Naval Institute Press. pp. 117–119, 142–145, 158, 175–176, 226, 235, 285–291. ISBN 0-87021-450-0.
1 2 3 Macpherson, Ken; Milner, Marc (1993). Corvettes of the Royal Canadian Navy 1939–1945. St. Catharines: Vanwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55125-052-7.
1 2 "HMCS Wetaskiwin (K 175)". Uboat.net. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
↑ "Convoy Web". Andrew Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "HX convoys". Andrew Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "SC convoys". Andrew Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 "ON convoys". Andrew Hague Convoy Database. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
↑ CFB Esquimalt Naval and Military Museum, The Badge Project Archived 7 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine, www.navalandmilitarymuseum.org, Retrieved 26 September 2011.

Flower-class corvettes

Original ships
Free French Naval Forces	Aconit Alysse Commandant d'Estienne d'Orves Commandant Detroyat Commandant Drogou La Bastiaise Lobelia Mimosa Renoncule Roselys
Royal Canadian Navy	Agassiz Alberni Algoma Amherst Arrowhead Arvida Baddeck Barrie Battleford Bittersweet Brandon Brantford Buctouche Calgary Camrose Chambly Chicoutimi Chilliwack Cobalt Collingwood Dauphin Dawson Drumheller Dundas Dunvegan Edmundston Eyebright Fennel Fredericton Galt Halifax Hepatica Kamloops Kamsack Kenogami Kitchener La Malbaie Lethbridge Lévis Louisburg Lunenburg Matapedia Mayflower Midland Moncton Moose Jaw Morden Nanaimo Napanee New Westminster Oakville Orillia Pictou Port Arthur Prescott Quesnel Regina Rimouski Rosthern Sackville Saskatoon Shawinigan Shediac Sherbrooke Snowberry Sorel Spikenard Sudbury Summerside The Pas Timmins Trail Trillium Vancouver Ville de Québec Wetaskiwin Weyburn Windflower Woodstock
Hellenic Navy	Apostolis Kriezis Sachtouris Tombazis
Royal Navy	Abelia Acanthus Aconite Alisma Alyssum Amaranthus Anchusa Anemone Arabis Arbutus Armeria Arrowhead Asphodel Aster Aubrietia Auricula Azalea Balsam Begonia Bellwort Bergamot Bittersweet Bluebell Borage Bryony Burdock Buttercup Calendula Camellia Campanula Campion Candytuft Carnation Celandine Chrysanthemum Clarkia Clematis Clover Coltsfoot Columbine Convolvulus Coreopsis Coriander Cowslip Crocus Cyclamen Dahlia Delphinium Dianella Dianthus Eglantine Erica Eyebright Fennel Fleur de Lys Freesia Fritillary Gardenia Genista Gentian Geranium Gladiolus Gloriosa Gloxinia Godetia Godetia Harebell Heartsease Heather Heliotrope Hemlock Hepatica Hibiscus Hollyhock Honeysuckle Hyacinth Hyderabad Hydrangea Ivy Jasmine Jonquil Kingcup La Malouine Larkspur Lavender Ling Lobelia Loosestrife Lotus Lotus Mallow Marguerite Marigold Marjoram Mayflower Meadowsweet Mignonette Mimosa Monkshood Montbretia Myosotis Narcissus Nasturtium Nigella Orchis Oxlip Pennywort Pentstemon Peony Periwinkle Petunia Picotee Pimpernel Pink Polyanthus Poppy Potentilla Primrose Primula Ranonculus Rhododendron Rockrose Rose Salvia Samphire Saxifrage Snapdragon Snowberry Snowdrop Snowflake Spikenard Spiraea Starwort Stonecrop Sundew Sunflower Sweetbriar Tamarisk Thyme Trillium Tulip Verbena Veronica Vervain Vetch Violet Wallflower Windflower Woodruff Zinnia
Royal Netherlands Navy	Friso
Royal Norwegian Navy	Andenes Nordkyn Eglantine Montbretia Polarfront II Potentilla Rose
South African Navy	Protea
United States Navy Temptress class	Courage Fury Impulse Ready Restless Saucy Spry Surprise Temptress Tenacity
Royal Navy Belgian Section	Godetia Buttercup
Kriegsmarine	PA 1 PA 2 PA 3 PA 4

Modified ships
Royal Canadian Navy	Asbestos Atholl Beauharnois Belleville Brampton Charlottetown Cobourg Fergus Forest Hill Frontenac Giffard Guelph Hawkesbury Ingersoll Lachute Lindsay Listowel Long Branch Louisburg Meaford Merrittonia Mimico Norsyd North Bay Owen Sound Parry Sound Peterborough Renfrew Riviere du Loup Smiths Falls St. Lambert Stellarton Strathroy Thorlock Trentonian West York Whitby
Royal Indian Navy	Assam Gondwana Sind
Royal Navy	Arabis Arbutus Balm Betony Buddleia Bugloss Bullrush Burnet Candytuft Ceanothos Charlock Comfrey Cornel Dittany Flax Honesty Linaria Mandrake Milfoil Musk Nepeta Privet Rosebay Smilax Statice Willowherb
Royal New Zealand Navy	Arabis Arbutus
United States Navy Action class	Action Alacrity Beacon Brisk Caprice Clash Haste Intensity Might Pert Prudent Splendor Tact Vim Vitality
Argentine Navy	Capitán Cánepa República

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