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Aminocarb

Aminocarb
Names


Preferred IUPAC name 4-(Dimethylamino)-3-methylphenyl methylcarbamate
Other names 4-Dimethylamino-3-methylphenyl, N-Methylcarbamate
Identifiers
CAS Number	2032-59-9^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	2808681
ChEBI	CHEBI:2653
ChemSpider	15416
ECHA InfoCard	100.016.356
EC Number	217-990-7
PubChem CID	16247
RTECS number	FC0175000
UNII	767M03K32Y^Y
UN number	2811
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7022172
InChI InChI=1S/C11H16N2O2/c1-8-7-9(15-11(14)12-2)5-6-10(8)13(3)4/h5-7H,1-4H3,(H,12,14)
SMILES Cc1cc(ccc1N(C)C)N(C)C([O-])=O
Properties
Chemical formula	C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₂
Molar mass	208.261 g·mol⁻¹
Appearance	White crystalline solid or tan crystals
Melting point	95.0 °C (203.0 °F; 368.1 K)
Boiling point	298 °C (568 °F; 571 K)
Solubility in water	Soluble
Solubility in other solvents	Soluble in polar org solvents; moderately soluble in aromatic solvents
Vapor pressure	1.88 X 10-6 mm Hg
Henry's law constant (k_H)	5.64 X 10-10 atm cu m/mole
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Maybe highly toxic by ingestion, toxic by skin absorption
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H301, H311, H400, H411^[1]
Precautionary statements	P264, P273, P280, P301+P310, P312
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	2 1 0
Flash point	181 °C (358 °F; 454 K)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD₅₀ (median dose)	Oral-rat-30 mg/kg and Dermal-rat-275 mg/kg
Safety data sheet (SDS)
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Chemical compound

Animocarb (Matacil) is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₂. It has a colorless or white crystal-like appearance and is most commonly used as an insecticide.^[2]

History

Aminocarb has been extensively used in eastern Canada since 1976 in order to control the spruce budworm. The fate of this chemical in the ecosystem and detection of aminocarb was studied by the use of two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. The use of thin-layer chromatography helped isolate and identify the methyl amino, amino and hydroxymethyl analogues from the in vitro metabolism of aminocarb by liver homogenates from humans and rats.^[3]

Production and uses

Aminocarb is a carbamate insecticide widely used to protect cotton fields, crop fields, and forests from insect infestation. It helps in the control of aphids, soil mollusks, lepidopterous larvae, and other types of chewing insects. It is most commonly administered as an aerosol spray.^[4]^[5]

Reactions

Aminocarb can be degraded through irradiation and hydrolysis.

Irradiation

Aminocarb can be broken down by short-wave ultraviolet radiation.^[7] Irradiation is often carried out by a high pressure xenon-mercury lamp.^[8] Irradiating aminocarb in ethyl alcohol and cyclohexene solutions initially causes the oxidation of the dimethylamine moiety.^[7]^[9] The process eventually leads to the formation of a 4-dimethylamino-3-methyl phenol product.^[9]

Hydrolysis

Aminocarb undergoes hydrolysis to 4-dimethylamino-3-methylphenol in 25 °C purified water when pH of the water is 6.4. 4-dimethylamino-3-methylphenol is then either directly or via 2-methyl-1,4-dihydorquinone converted to 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. If methylamine or diethylamine are present in the solution 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone will readily react. Monoepoxides and diepoxides of 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone are formed.^[6]

Biomedical effects

In an experiment where young brown bullhead were exposed to aminocarb at lethal and sublethal concentrations, their tissue distribution was examined and showed that the concentration of residues in each tissue increased with the concentration of exposure of aminocarb. The liver and stomach/intestine had the highest amount of accumulation of residues.^[10]

Aminocarb is also known as a cholinesterase inhibitor that has nervous system effects causing convulsions and respiratory failure. It can also be absorbed through the skin, causing long-term effects to the nervous system and liver.^[11]

References

↑ "Aminocarb safety and hazards". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-02.
↑ Montgomery, John Harold (1993). "Aminocarb". Agrochemicals Desk Reference: Environmental Data. CRC Press. pp. 21–2. ISBN 978-0-87371-738-0.
↑ Sundaram, K.M.S.; Szeto, S.Y.; Hindle, R. (1980). "Detection of aminocarb and its major metabolites by thin-layer chromatography". Journal of Chromatography A. 194 (1): 100–3. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81057-2. PMID 7391210.
↑ Sundaram, Kanth M. S.; Sundaram, Alam (1987). "Role of Formulation Ingredients and Physical Properties on Droplet Size Spectra, Deposition, and Persistence of Aerially Sprayed Aminocrab and Mexacarbate in Forest Litter and Soil Samples". Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems. 7 (986): 139–51. ISBN 978-0-8031-0970-4.
↑ Dikshith, T. S. S (2010). "Aminocarb (CAS No. 2032-59-9)". Handbook of Chemicals and Safety. CRC Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-1-4398-2060-5.
1 2 Aizawa, Hiroyasu (2001). "Carbamates". Metabolic Maps. pp. 74–81. doi:10.1016/B978-012045605-5/50007-6. ISBN 978-0-12-045605-5.
1 2 FAO plant production and protection papers. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1976. ISBN 978-92-5-100922-2.^{[page needed]}
↑ Kamrin, Michael A.; Montgomery, John H. (1999-10-28). Agrochemical and Pesticide Desk Reference on CD-ROM. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-2179-5.
1 2 Kamin, Michael A.; Montgomery, John H (1999-09-01). Agrochemical and Pesticide Desk Reference on CD-ROM: Crcnetbase. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-2179-5.^{[page needed]}
↑ Richardson, GM; Qadri, SU (1986). "Tissue distribution of ¹⁴C-labeled residues of aminocarb in brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus Le Sueur) following acute exposure". Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 12 (2): 180–6. Bibcode:1986EcoES..12..180R. doi:10.1016/0147-6513(86)90055-2. PMID 3792270.
↑ "Aminocarb". U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2013-03-02. Retrieved 2012-10-27.

v t e Pest control: Insecticides
Carbamates	Aldicarb Aminocarb Bendiocarb Butocarboxim Carbaryl Carbofuran Carbosulfan m-Cumenyl methylcarbamate Ethienocarb Fenobucarb Isoprocarb Methomyl Metolcarb Oxamyl Promecarb Propoxur
Inorganic compounds	Aluminium phosphide Boric acid Chromated copper arsenate Copper(II) arsenate Copper(I) cyanide Cryolite Diatomaceous earth Lead hydrogen arsenate Paris Green Scheele's Green
Insect growth regulators	Benzoylureas (Bistrifluron, Diflubenzuron, Flufenoxuron, Lufenuron, Novaluron, Noviflumuron) Hydroprene Methoprene Pyriproxyfen
Neonicotinoids	Acetamiprid Clothianidin Dinotefuran Imidacloprid Imidaclothiz Nitenpyram Nithiazine Paichongding Thiacloprid Thiamethoxam
Organochlorides	Aldrin Beta-HCH Carbon tetrachloride Chlordane Cyclodiene 1,2-DCB 1,4-DCB 1,1-DCE 1,2-DCE DDD DDE DDT DFDT Dicofol Dieldrin Endosulfan Endrin Heptachlor Kepone Lindane Methoxychlor Mirex Tetradifon Toxaphene
Organophosphorus	Acephate Azamethiphos Azinphos-methyl Bensulide Chlorethoxyfos Chlorfenvinphos Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos-methyl Coumaphos Demeton-S-methyl Diazinon Dichlorvos Dicrotophos Diisopropyl fluorophosphate Dimefox Dimethoate Dioxathion Disulfoton Ethion Ethoprop Fenamiphos Fenitrothion Fenthion Fosthiazate Isoxathion Malathion Methamidophos Methidathion Mevinphos Mipafox Monocrotophos Naled Omethoate Oxydemeton-methyl Parathion Parathion-methyl Phenthoate Phorate Phosalone Phosmet Phoxim Pirimiphos-methyl Quinalphos R-16661 Schradan Temefos Tebupirimfos Terbufos Tetrachlorvinphos Tribufos Trichlorfon
Pyrethroids	Acrinathrin Allethrins Bifenthrin Bioallethrin Cyfluthrin Cyhalothrin Cypermethrin Cyphenothrin Deltamethrin Empenthrin Esfenvalerate Etofenprox Fenpropathrin Fenvalerate Flumethrin Fluvalinate Imiprothrin Metofluthrin Permethrin Phenothrin Prallethrin Pyrethrin (I, II; chrysanthemic acid) Pyrethrum Resmethrin Silafluofen Tefluthrin Tetramethrin Tralomethrin Transfluthrin
Diamides	Chlorantraniliprole Cyantraniliprole Flubendiamide
Other chemicals	Afoxolaner Amitraz Azadirachtin Bensultap Buprofezin Cartap Chlordimeform Chlorfenapyr Cyromazine Fenazaquin Fenoxycarb Fipronil Fluralaner Hydramethylnon Indoxacarb Limonene Lotilaner Pyridaben Pyriprole Sarolaner Adjuvants (Piperonyl butoxide, Sesamex) Spinosad Sulfluramid Tebufenozide Tebufenpyrad Veracevine Xanthone Metaflumizone Ryanodine Ryanodol
Metabolites	Oxon Malaoxon Paraoxon TCPy
Biopesticides	Bacillus thuringiensis Baculovirus Beauveria bassiana Beauveria brongniartii Isaria fumosorosea Metarhizium acridum Metarhizium anisopliae Nomuraea rileyi Lecanicillium lecanii Paenibacillus popilliae Purpureocillium lilacinum Spinosad

Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators

Enzyme
(modulators)

ChATTooltip Choline acetyltransferase	Inhibitors: 1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium 2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium 3-Chloro-4-stillbazole 4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine Acetylseco hemicholinium-3 Acryloylcholine AF64A B115 BETA CM-54,903 N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate
AChETooltip Acetylcholinesterase	Inhibitors: Reversible: Carbamates: Aldicarb Aminocarb Bendiocarb Bufencarb Carbaryl Carbendazim Carbetamide Carbofuran Carbosulfan Chlorbufam Chloropropham Dimetilan Ethienocarb Ethiofencarb Fenobucarb Formetanate Formparanate Methiocarb Methomyl Metolcarb Miotine Oxamyl Phenmedipham Pinmicarb Pirimicarb Promecarb Propamocarb Propham Propoxur Thiodicarb Thiofanox; Stigmines: Distigmine Eptastigmine Ganstigmine Neostigmine +glycopyrronium bromide Phenserine Physostigmine Pyridostigmine Quilostigmine Rivastigmine Terestigmine Tolserine; Others: Acotiamide Ambenonium Caffeine Donepezil EA-3990 EA-4056 Edrophonium Galantamine Huperzine A Huperzine B Huprine W Huprine X Huprine Y Huprine Z Ipidacrine Itopride Ladostigil Minaprine Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide) T-1123 T-1152 T-1194 TL-599 TL-1238 Tacrine Velnacrine Zanapezil Irreversible: Organophosphates: 2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate Acephate Armine Azinphos-ethyl Azinphos-methyl BAY-29952 Bensulide Cadusafos Carbophenothion Chlorethoxyfos Chlorfenvinphos Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos-methyl Coumaphos Crotylsarin Cyanophos Cyclosarin (GF) Demephion Demeton Demeton-S-methyl Dialifor Diazinon Dichlorvos Dicrotophos Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate Diisopropylphosphate Diisopropyl fluorophosphate Dimefox Dimethoate Dimethyl 4-(methylthio)phenyl phosphate Dioxathion Disulfoton EA-2012 EA-2054 EA-2098 EA-2192 EA-2613 EA-3148 EA-4352 Echothiophate Ethylsarin (GE) Endothion EPN Ethion Ethoprop Fenamiphos Fenitrothion Fenthion Fluorotabun Fonofos Formothion Fosthiazate GD-42 GH GT-45 GV Guanitoxin Hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP) Isofluorophate Isoxathion Leptophos Malaoxon Malathion Mazidox Methamidophos Methidathion Methyl phenkapton Methylfluorophosphonylcholine (MFPCh) Metrifonate Mevinphos Mipafox Monocrotophos MSPI Naled Novichok agent Omethoate Oxydemeton-methyl Paraoxon Parathion Parathion-methyl Phorate Phosalone Phosfolan Phosmet Phosphamidon Phoxim Pirimiphos-methyl Profenofos Prothoate R-16661 Ro 3-0340 Ro 3-0346 Ro 3-0347 Ro 3-0351 Ro 3-0352 Ro 3-0397 Ro 3-0411 Ro 3-0412 Ro 3-0417 Ro 3-0419 Ro 3-0422 Ro 3-0433 Ronnel Sarin (GB) Schradan Soman (GD) Sulfotep (TEDP) Tabun (GA) Tebupirimfos Temefos Terbufos Tetrachlorvinphos Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP) Triazofos Tribufos Trichlorfon Trichloronate Tricresyl phosphate VE VG VM VP VS VR VX; Others: Demecarium Fasciculins (green mamba toxins) (1, 2, 3, 4) Onchidal (Onchidella binneyi) Methanesulfonyl fluoride Unsorted: α-Pinene α-Viniferin Affinine Affinisine Arisugacin A Bulbocapnine Conodurine Coronaridine Corydaline Corynoline Crimidine Cyclanoline Cymserine Harmaline Kobophenol A Lactucopicrin Lycorine Phosacetim Rosmarinic acid Stercuronium iodide Taspine Tetrahydrocannabinol Ungeremine Ungiminorine Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride BW284C51 TMTFA 3152 CT Reactivators: Asoxime chloride Methoxime Obidoxime Pralidoxime Trimedoxime bromide
BChETooltip Butyrylcholinesterase	Inhibitors: Affinine Affinisine Conodurine Cymserine Ladostigil Profenamine (ethopropazine) Rivastigmine Tacrine ZINC-12613047 Many of the other AChE inhibitors listed above

Transporter
(modulators)

CHTTooltip Choline transporter	Inhibitors: Hemicholinium-3 (hemicholine) Triethylcholine Enhancers: Coluracetam
VAChTTooltip Vesicular acetylcholine transporter	Inhibitors: Vesamicol

Release
(modulators)

Inhibitors	SNAP-25Tooltip Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 inactivators: Botulinum toxin (A, C, E) VAMPTooltip Vesicle-associated membrane protein inactivators: Botulinum toxin (B, D, F, G) Others: Bungarotoxins (β-bungarotoxin, γ-bungarotoxin)
Enhancers	LPHNTooltip Latrophilin agonists: α-Latrotoxin Others: Atracotoxins (e.g., robustoxin, versutoxin) Crotoxin

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators

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