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Varian Fry

Varian Fry

Lahir	Varian Mackey Fry (1907-10-15)15 Oktober 1907 New York City, New York, AS
Meninggal	13 September 1967(1967-09-13) (umur 59) Redding, Connecticut, AS
Makam	Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York^[1] 40°39′23.35″N 73°59′41.67″W / 40.6564861°N 73.9949083°W / 40.6564861; -73.9949083
Almamater	Universitas Harvard
Pekerjaan	Wartawan
Dikenal atas	Emergency Rescue Committee
Penghargaan (2008) Q130546991 (21 Juli 1994) Ḥasidei ummot ha'olam Medali Perlawanan Knight of the Legion of Honour ^(en)

Varian Mackey Fry (15 Oktober 1907 – 13 September 1967) adalah seorang wartawan asal Amerika Serikat. Fry menjalankan sebuah jaringan penyelamatan di Prancis Vichy dari Agustus 1940 sampai September 1941 yang membantu 2.000 pengungsi anti-Nazi dan Yahudi, kebanyakan artis dan intelektual, yang kabur dari penindasan oleh Jerman Nazi pada Perang Dunia II.^[2]

Referensi

↑ "Burial search on Varian Fry." Diarsipkan February 14, 2014, di Wayback Machine. Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York. Retrieved: February 9, 2014.
↑ Wilson, Matthew (3 April 2023). "The man behind a covert WW2 operation". BBC Culture. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal April 8, 2023. Diakses tanggal 7 April 2023.

Daftar pustaka

Gold, Mary Jayne. Crossroads Marseilles, 1940. New York: Doubleday, 1980. ISBN 978-0-385-15618-9.
Grunwald-Spier, Agnes. The Other Schindlers: Why Some People Chose to Save Jews in the Holocaust. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: The History Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-7524-5706-2.
Isenberg, Sheila. A Hero of Our Own: The Story of Varian Fry. Bloomington, Indiana: iUniverse, 2005. ISBN 978-0-595-34882-4.
McCabe, Cynthia Jaffee. "Wanted by the Gestapo: Saved by America – Varian Fry and the Emergency Rescue Committee", pp. 79–91 in Jackman, Jarrell C. and Carla M. Borden, eds. The Musses Flee Hitler: Cultural Transfer and Adaptation 1930-1945. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian, 1983.
Marino, Andy. A Quiet American: The Secret War of Varian Fry. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-3122-0356-6.
Mattern, Joanne. Life Stories of 100 American Heroes. Vancouver: KidsBooks, 2001. ISBN 978-1-56156-978-6.
Mauthner, Martin. German Writers in French Exile, 1933-1940. London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2007, ISBN 978-0-85303-540-4.
McClafferty, Carla Killough. In Defiance of Hitler: The Secret Mission of Varian Fry. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR), 2008. ISBN 978-0-374-38204-9.
Moulin, Pierre. Dachau, Holocaust, and US Samurais: Nisei Soldiers First in Dachau?. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse, 2007. ISBN 978-1-4259-3801-7.
Paldiel, Mordecai. Saving the Jews: Men and Women who Defied the Final Solution. Lanham, Maryland: Taylor Trade Publications, 2011. ISBN 978-1-58979-734-5.
Richards, Tad. The Virgil Directive. New York: Fawcett, 1982. ISBN 978-0-4450-4689-4.
Riding, Alan. And the Show Went On: Cultural Life in Nazi-occupied Paris. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2010. ISBN 978-0-307-59454-9.
Roth, John K. and Elisabeth Maxwell. Remembering for the Future: The Holocaust in an Age of Genocide. London: Palgrave, 2001. ISBN 978-0-333-80486-5.
Schwertfeger, Ruth. In Transit: Narratives of German Jews in Exile, Flight, and Internment During 'The Dark Years' of France. Berlin, Germany: Frank & Timme GmbH, 2012. ISBN 978-3-86596-384-0.
Sogos, Giorgia. "Varian Fry: "Der Engel von Marseille". Von der Legalität in die Illegalität und zur Rehabilitierung", in Gabriele Anderl, Simon Usaty (Hrsg.). "Schleppen, schleusen, helfen. Flucht zwischen Rettung und Ausbeutung". Wien: Mandelbaum,2016, S. 209–220, ISBN 978-3-85476-482-3.
Strempel, Rüdiger, Letzter Halt Marseille - Varian Fry und das Emergency Rescue Committee, in Clasen, Winrich C.-W./Schneemelcher, W. Peter, eds, Mittelmeerpassagen, Rheinbach 2018, ISBN 978-3-87062-307-4
Strempel, Rüdiger, Varian Fry: Der Amerikaner, der Europas Künstler rettete / The American Who Rescued Europe's Artists (German-English) CMZ Verlag, Rheinbach 2023 ISBN 978-3-87062-364-7
Subak, Susan Elisabeth (2010). Rescue and Flight: American Relief Workers Who Defied the Nazis. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-2525-1.
Sullivan, Rosemary. Villa Air-Bel. New York: HarperCollins, 2006. ISBN 978-0-0607-3251-6.
Watson, Peter. The German Genius: Europe's Third Renaissance, the Second Scientific Revolution and the Twentieth Century. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010. ISBN 978-0-85720-324-3.

Pranala luar

Varian Fry Institute
Varian Fry from the Varian Fry Foundation Project/IRC
A Tribute to Varian Fry from Holocaust Survivors and Remembrance Project
Varian Fry, The American Schindler by Louis Bülow
Varian Fry, his activity to save Jews' lives during the Holocaust, at Yad Vashem website
Finding aid to the Varian Fry papers at Columbia University Rare Book & Manuscript Library

Basis data pengawasan otoritas
Internasional	ISNI VIAF GND FAST WorldCat
Nasional	Amerika Serikat Prancis Data BnF Italia Republik Ceko Belanda Norwegia Polandia Israel Katalonia
Akademik	CiNii
Seniman	RKD Artists
Orang	Deutsche Biographie DDB
Lain-lain	IdRef SNAC Yale LUX

Artikel bertopik biografi Amerika Serikat ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

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