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Trachiniformes

Polyphyletic order of fishes

Trachiniformes Temporal range: Early Eocene to present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Trachinus araneus, Sardinia

Ammodytes personatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Clade:	Percomorpha
Order:	Trachiniformes
Families
see text

Trachiniformes is an order of percomorph bony fish,^[1] whose contents are traditionally placed in suborder Trachinoidei of Perciformes.^[2]

However, Trachiniformes is recovered as polyphyletic in recent large scale molecular phylogenetic studies. Trachinidae itself is recovered as part of Percoidei, while other families respectively belong to Scombriformes, Gobiiformes, new orders Uranoscopiformes and Pempheriformes, and other clades in Perciformes.^[3]

The following families make up the Trachiniformes:^[1] (with respectively belonging taxa following the molecular phylogenies)^[3]

Ammodytidae Bonaparte, 1832 - sandeels or sandlances (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
†Callipterygidae Jordan, 1905 (fossil; Eocene of Italy)^[4]
Chiasmodontidae Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 - the swallowers (considered as part of Scombriformes).
Champsodontidae Jordan & Snyder, 1902 - gulpers, gapers or crocodile toothfishes (considered as part of Pempheriformes).
Cheimarrichthyidae Regan, 1913 - New Zealand torrentfishes (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
Creediidae Waite, 1899 - sandburrowers (considered as part of Pempheriformes).
Leptoscopidae Gill, 1859 - southern sandfishes (considered as part of Pempheriformes).
Percophidae Swainson, 1839 - duckbills (as a polyphyly, respectively part of Pempheriformes and Perciformes (Notothenioidei and Bembropoidei)).
Pinguipedidae Günther, 1860 - sandperches (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).
Trachinidae Rafinesque, 181 - weeverfishes (considered as part of Percoidei, belong to Perciformes).
Trichodontidae Bleeker, 1859 - sandfish (considered as a part of Cottoidei, belong to Scorpaeniformes).
Trichonotidae Günther, 1861 - sanddivers (considered to form the monotypic Trichonotoidei, belong to Gobiiformes).
Uranoscopidae Bonaparte, 1831 - stargazers (considered as part of Uranoscopiformes).

1 2 Nelson, JS; Grande, TC & Wilson, MVH (2016). "Classification of fishes from Fishes of the World 5th Edition" (PDF). Retrieved 10 June 2018.
↑ Bailly N, ed. (2017). "Trachinoidei". FishBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
1 2 Ricardo Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; Arturo Acero; Nicolas Bailly; Masaki Miya; Guillaume Lecointre; Guillermo Ortí (2017-07-06). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (1): 162. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 5501477. PMID 28683774.
↑ Carnevale, G.; Bannikov, Alexandre F.; Marramà, G.; Tyler, James C.; Zorzin., R. (2014). "The Bolca Fossil-Lagerstätte: A window into the Eocene World. 5. The Pesciara- Monte Postale Fossil-Lagerstätte: 2. Fishes and other vertebrates. Excursion guide" (PDF). Rendiconti della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 4 (1): i–xxvii. hdl:10088/25678.

Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560. Retrieved 2011-05-19.

Taxon identifiers
Trachinoidei	Wikidata: Q1049466 Wikispecies: Trachinoidei ADW: Trachinoidei AFD: Trachinoidei ITIS: 170913 NCBI: 56734 Open Tree of Life: 811924 Paleobiology Database: 353680 WoRMS: 151729

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