The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

19th century

• 1890s - Goma occupied by agents of the Congo Free State as a trading post to control traffic on Lake Kivu; previously a way point for lake traffic and a crossroads for the overland trade routes between Central Africa and the Indian Ocean.

20th century

• 1910 - Goma confirmed as a Belgian possession in the Convention on the Lakes signed in Brussels on 14 May 1910 by plenipotentiaries of Belgium, Germany, and Great Britain.^[1]
• 1925 - Albert National Park established near Goma.
• 1959 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Goma founded.^[2]
• 1962 - Benezeth Moley becomes governor.^(fr)
• 1984 - Population: 77,908.^[3]
• 1988 - Goma becomes part of newly formed North Kivu province.^{[citation needed]}
• 1993 - University of Goma established.
• 1994
  • Population: 161,956.^[4]
  • July: 850,000 Rwandan war refugees flee to Goma.^[4][5]
• 1996 - 2 November: Goma taken by Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo.^[5]
• 1998 - 2 August: City taken by forces of Rally for Congolese Democracy–Goma.^[4]
• 2000
  • Yole!Africa cultural centre established.^[6]
  • Eugène Serufuli Ngayabaseka becomes governor of North Kivu province.^(fr)

21st century

• 2002 - January: Mount Nyiragongo erupts, destroys nearly half of city structures.^[7]
• 2004 - Population: 249,862 (estimate).^[3]
• 2006
  • Institut supérieur de statistique et de nouvelles technologies de Goma [fr] (school) founded.
  • Salaam Kivu International Film Festival begins.^[6]
• 2007
  • "New military operations centre for the FARDC" established.^[8]
  • Julien Paluku Kahongya becomes governor of North Kivu province.
• 2008
  • January: International peace conference held in Goma.^[9]
  • 15 April: Airplane crash occurs.
  • October: "Chaos grips...Goma as rebel forces advance."^[7]
• 2009
  • August: US secretary of state visits Goma.^[7]
  • Roger Rachid Tumbala becomes mayor (approximate date).^[10]
• 2011 - Jean Busanga Malihaseme appointed mayor.^[11]
• 2012
  • July: Battle of Goma (2012) [fr] begins.
  • 20 November: M23 forces take Goma.^[7]
  • 12 December: Prison break.^[4]
  • Kubuya Ndoole Naso becomes mayor.^[12]
• 2013

• • February: The first annual Amani Festival for peace takes place.
  • 4 March: Airplane crash occurs.
  • August: Heavy fighting occurs outside Goma during the M23 rebellion.
• 2015
  • January: 2015 Congolese protests.
  • June: Airport taken by "Mai-Mai fighters."^[13]
  • Dieudonné Malere becomes mayor.^[14]
  • Population: 368,165 (estimate).^[4]
• 2016 - November: United Nations forces attacked by bomb.^[15]
• 2022 - Festival Amani returns after a year's absence due to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[16]
• 2025
  • January: Battle of Goma.

See also

• Goma history
• List of mayors of Goma
• Timelines of other cities in DR Congo: Bukavu, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Lubumbashi

References

Bibliography

• Didier Bompangue; et al. (2009). "Cholera Epidemics, War and Disasters around Goma and Lake Kivu: An Eight-Year Survey". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 3 (5): e436. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000436. PMC 2677153. PMID 19436726.
• Koen Vlassenroot; Karen Büscher (2009), City as frontier: urban development and identity processes in Goma, Crisis States Research Centre working papers, Crisis States Research Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, ISSN 1749-1800
• Karen Büscher (2011). Conflict, state failure and urban transformation in the Eastern Congolese periphery: the case of Goma (PhD). Belgium: Ghent University. hdl:1854/LU-2092391.
• Thomas Gesthuizen (13 March 2013), "Congo's hidden cultural hub", The Guardian, UK

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Goma.

• "(Goma)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. 15 January 2019. (Bibliography)
• "(Goma)". Contemporary History Library Catalogue. Belgium: Royal Museum for Central Africa. (Bibliography)
• Items related to Goma, various dates (via Europeana)
• Items related to Goma, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)

Images

• 
  Map of Goma, 1982
• 
  Refugee camp near Goma, 1994
• 
  M-23 crisis in Goma, 2012
• 
  MONUSCO training, 2013
• 
  Boulevard Kanyamahanga traffic circle, Goma, 2013
• 
  View of Goma, 2015
• 
  View of Goma, 2015