Thecamonadinae are unicellulareukaryotes, exhibiting cells smaller than 10 μm, and an "Amastigomonas-type" cell body shape: plastic, oval to oblong, with a prominent proboscis that measures around ¼ of the cell body length. They have a rigid "tusk" of between 200 and 250 nm in diameter, that arises to the right of the anteriorflagellum and extends around 0.5–1.0 μm. This tusk can be visible under optimal conditions of light microscopy. Aside from the flagella, they often present thin pseudopodia trailing behind the moving cell.[2]
Systematics
History of taxonomy
Thecamonadinae was initially a family-level taxon, Thecamonadidae, described in 1990 by Jacob Larsen and David J. Patterson. At the time, it was composed exclusively of the genusThecamonas, described by the same authors. Members of this family were characterized by a mobile anterior "snout" (or "tusk"), which is superficially resembling of the flagellate Rhynchomonas. However, their ultrastructure resembled Apusomonas in the pliable dorsal theca.[1] Posterior phylogenetic analyses showed that this family branched within Apusomonadidae, and the taxon fell out of use.[4] In 2015, Aaron A. Heiss and collaborators co-opted this taxon as a subfamily within Apusomonadidae to designate the clade uniting Chelonemonas and Thecamonas. This clade is supported by multiple phylogenetic analyses and accepted as a valid taxon.[2]
Classification
As of 2022, the subfamily contains two genera, Chelonemonas and Thecamonas, and a total of 7 species.
1234567Heiss, Aaron A.; Lee, Won J.; Ishida, Ken-ichiro; Simpson, Alastair G. B. (2015). "Cultivation and Characterisation of New Species of Apusomonads (the Sister Group to Opisthokonts), Including Close Relatives of Thecamonas (Chelonemonas n. gen.)". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 62 (5): 637–649. doi:10.1111/jeu.12220. PMID25912654.
1234Torruella G, Galindo LJ, Moreira D, Ciobanu M, Heiss AA, Yubuki N, etal. (November 2022). "Expanding the molecular and morphological diversity of Apusomonadida, a deep-branching group of gliding bacterivorous protists". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 70 (2) e12956. doi:10.1111/jeu.12956. hdl:2117/404026. PMID36453005.
12Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E. (October 2010). "Phylogeny and evolution of Apusomonadida (Protozoa: Apusozoa): new genera and species". Protist. 161 (4): 549–576. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2010.04.002. PMID20537943.
