The town is home to a former Benedictine monastery, the Tegernsee Abbey. Today the building is a Schloss. The northern wing of the abbey contains a brewery that produces the famous Tegernsee Lager Beer.
History
The original settlers of the area around the lake are not known. The recorded history of the region and of the town began with the arrival of the Bavarians in the sixth century AD. The noble family of the Agilolfings ruled this region and the entire Duchy of Bavaria.[4]
In 746, the brothers Adalbert and Ottokar, of the noble family of Huosi, founded a Benedictine monastery, Tegernsee Abbey. Its name derives from Old High Germantegarin seo, meaning "large lake".[5] Although much of the town's early history was lost as a result of Magyar incursions in the tenth century,[citation needed] it is known that relics of St. Quirinus, which the founders of the abbey obtained from Pope Paul I, were transferred in the eighth century from Rome to Tegernsee in order to be placed in its first church. The monastery had a substantial influence on the development of Southern Bavaria during the Middle Ages. It fell into decay in 907 after a series of defeats by the Magyars. It was secularized in 921 by Duke Arnulf and re-established in 979 by Emperor Otto II and Duke Otto I of Bavaria. The emperor appointed a new abbot and granted the rights of free election of the abbot, freedom from taxes, and imperial protection. Thus removed from the suzerainty of the Bavarian rulers, the abbey recovered its prosperity [6] and grew culturally and artistically. Workshops were founded for book making, for glass painting, and for goldsmithing. Around 1030, Ruodlieb, an early German romance of knightly adventure written in Latin verse, likely was written there. In 1165, Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich I visited the abbey. In the fifteenth century Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa corresponded with the abbot and the prior about issues including mystical theology.
Because of its naturally protected position, Tegernsee suffered less from war and hardship than other parts of Bavaria. However, it was affected by the Black Death during the Thirty Years' War of 1618–1648. The monastery was secularized in 1803 and was acquired by the Bavarian royal family, the Wittelsbachs, who made it their summer residence. They brought court life and visitors to the lake, starting the tourism that characterizes the area today.[7] The town experienced tribulations during the War of the Austrian Succession of 1740–1748 and suffered many casualties in wars from the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 until World War II.[4]
The abbey buildings were used as a military hospital during World War II. The valley became overcrowded with evacuees, who were there for protection from the bombing of urban areas. In the final weeks of the war, an SS division moved into the valley and built defenses against the American forces advancing from Bad Tölz.
On May 3, 1945, as American artillery prepared to open fire on the town, a wounded officer in the German army, Maj. Hannibal von Lüttichau, who was recovering in the makeshift military hospital, persuaded the SS to withdraw in order to save the town and its large population of noncombatants from the imminent bombardment. After persuading the SS to withdraw from the town, the Major advanced unarmed, in uniform, and alone toward the American forces under a white flag and he convinced the commanding officer to spare the town.[8]
Tegernsee is located in the Bavarian Alps, on the eastern shore of Lake Tegernsee, neighbouring Gmund am Tegernsee and Hausham are to the north, Schliersee is to the east, and Rottach-Egern to the south. The Bavarian state capital, Munich, is approximately 50km (31mi) north of the town, and the Austrian state of Tyrol is approximately 20km (12mi) south.
The Alpbach stream, the bed of which was cleaned up in 2010, runs through the center of Tegernsee.[9] The Rottach river flows partly along the boundary between the communities of Tegernsee and Rottach-Egern. The Baumgartenschneid, a 1,448 metre high mountain, is located not far from the town.
At the 2010 census, Tegernsee had a population of 3,889, of whom 1,672 were male and 2,217 female.[10]
Attractions
Schloss Tegernsee, the former Benedictine AbbeySchloss Tegernsee viewed from the lake
The former Benedictine Abbey of Tegernsee is open to visitors. The complex is composed of the parish church of Saint Quirinus, the former abbey church, and the adjacent north and south wings surrounding the two courtyards. The north wing hosts the Ducal Bavarian Brewery of Tegernsee, one of Germany's oldest breweries.[11] The entire complex is called Schloss Tegernsee and it has been owned by the Wittelsbach family since 1817.[12]
Other historic buildings in Tegernsee include the homes of the writer Ludwig Ganghofer and the painter Joseph Karl Stieler, and the summer residence of Lord Acton. The Olaf Gulbransson Museum has been open since 1966 and is dedicated to the art of the Norwegian painter and caricaturist Olaf Gulbransson.[13] The Museum Tegernseer Tal was established in 1999 in the Old Rectory of Tegernsee. It has 17 exhibition rooms, and its theme is the history and culture of the Tegernsee valley from the Middle Ages to the present.[14] The Tegernseer Volkstheater has been in use since 1898.[15]
The area around the Tegernsee lake serves as a recreational area.[16] It is surrounded by the Bavarian Alps and occupies approximately 9km2 (3.5 sq mi).[17] It offers aquatic sports such as swimming and fishing, and other activities including hiking and Nordic walking.[18] One may climb the 700 metres to the top of the Baumgartenschneid: the ascent takes two hours and the descent one and a half hours.[19]
Economy
Tourism plays an important part in the economy of the city and the district.[20] The local Orthopedic Clinic is the town's largest employer.[21] Since 2003, the city has hosted the annual Tegernsee International Mountain Film Festival during October, in which movies depicting life in the mountains compete.[22][23]
The railway station is the terminus of the privately owned Tegernsee-Bahn and is linked to Munich by through trains of the Bayerische Oberlandbahn. It is also a principal stop for the pleasure boat services operated on the lake by the Bayerische Seenschifffahrt company.[25]
The nearest airports to Tegernsee are Munich Airport, located 88km (55mi) north and Innsbruck Airport, located 98km (61mi) south west of the town.
Politics
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of Tegernsee is divided into four quarters: the upper left and lower right quarters each depict three golden crowns on a blue background; the other two quarters depict water-lily leaves with entwined stalks above blue waves on a silver background. It was granted in 1886 and is based on the coat of arms of Tegernsee Abbey that dates from 1565.[26]
Twin towns
In 2006, Tegernsee twinned with Dürnstein, an Austrian town on the Danube.[27]
The town is home to the sports club Turnverein Tegernsee e. V. whose chess club played until the 2008–2009 season in the first division of the German Bundesliga.[29][30]
Viktoria Rebensburg, (born 1989), alpine ski racer, giant slalom gold medallist in the 2010 Winter Olympics [34]
Karl Stieler (1842–1885), jurist and poet; buried in the Tegernsee cemetery
Ludwig Thoma (1867–1921), lived since 1908 in his house "Auf der Tuften" in Tegernsee, where he died
Karl von Eberstein (1894–1979), German politician (NSDAP) and former Munich police officer lived since 1950 in Tegernsee and found his last retirement at the Tegernsee cemetery
12"Geschichte". Tegernsee's Government Site (in German). Tegernsee's Government. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
↑"Der See mit Geschichte". Tegernsee's Official Site (in German). Tegernsee's Government. Archived from the original on 28 August 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
↑"Tegernsee". Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
↑"Der See mit Geschichte". Gmund am Tegernsee's Government Site (in German). Gmund am Tegernsee's Government. Archived from the original on 5 September 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
↑"Geschichte". Gymnasium Tegernsee (in German). Archived from the original on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
12"Olaf Gulbransson". Olaf Gulbransson Museum's Site (in German). Olaf Gulbransson Museum. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
↑"Das Museum Tegernseer Tal". Tegernsee's Site (in German). Tegernsee's town Government. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
↑"Volkstheater". Tegernsee's Site (in German). Tegernsee's town Government. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
↑Mages, Emma. "Bayerns Gemeinden". Haus der Bayrischen Geschichte (in German). Retrieved September 8, 2011.
↑"Partnerschaft mit Dürnstein"(PDF). Tegernseer Nachrichten (in German). Tegernsee's Town Government. February 2006. p.2. Archived(PDF) from the original on March 23, 2022. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
