Tempat-tempat yang terkait dengan takhta-takhta Astarte
Takhta Astarte adalah selusin takhta persembahan nazar "kerub" yang ditemukan di kuil-kuil Fenisia di Lebanon, khususnya di daerah sekitar Sidon, Tirus, dan Ummul 'Amad.[1] Banyak dari takhta memiliki gaya yang sama, dengan kepala kerub pada tubuh singa bersayap di kedua sisinya.[2] Gambar takhta ditemukan di situs Fenisia di sekitar pesisir Laut Tengah, termasuk plakat gading dari Tel Megiddo (Israel), sebuah relief dari Hadrumetum (Tunisia), dan skarab dari Tharros (Italia).[2]
Naiskos yang merupakan singgasana dengan dua sfinks. Di atas kursi, rongga berbentuk U, dimaksudkan untuk menerima benda bulat di bagian bawah: mungkin baitulos dan mahkotanya. Di sisi wajah, relief imam yang memimpin.[3]
Naiskos sepadan dengan yang sebelumnya. Di bagian belakang terdapat rongga kecil yang dimaksudkan untuk menampung suatu benda. Di samping, dewi bersayap gaya Mesir.[3]
12Davila and Zuckerman (1993), p.77: "Compare the votive throne discovered at Umm el-'Amed (Dunand and Duru 1962: 168 pl. 67). The lower part of the throne is badly damaged, but the heads are preserved. The heads are human, and each bears a head-dress or coiffure that reaches down to the shoulders. They also have stylized beards. On our throne, what remains of the headdresses/coiffures and beards of the cherubs stylistically parallels those of the Umm el-'Amed cherubs. In fact, it seems quite probable that they stem from the same artistic and iconographic milieu. We may further note the cherub thrones depicted on a Late Bronze/ Iron I ivory from Megiddo, the sarcophagus of Ahiram (cf. Pritchard 1969: figs. 332, 456-59, respectively), a relief from Hadrumetum/Sousse (Cintas 1947: pls. 48-49), and a scarab from Sardinia (Bisi 1967: fig. 57). In each of those exemplars the cherubs have a feline body with wings, a tail, and styled hair, but no beard."
12345678910Henri Seyrig's original list of 10 known thrones in 1959: Seyrig, 1959, page 51-52
↑M. Dunand, Excavations of Byblos, II, p. 79, no.7225, p. 152
↑Dunand, Bulletin du Musée de Beyrouth, V, 1941, p. 93, where the origin is given as unknown.
↑Ch. Virolleaud, Syria, V, 1924, p. 119, pi. 32, where the origin is given as unknown. The throne had been received in Sidon by L. Brossé: cf. Noel Aimé-Giron, Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, XXV, 1925, p. 206
↑G. Mendel, Catal. of sculpt. (Museums imper. Ottom.), I, n ° 92 (attribution in the 5th century); Noel Aimé-Giron, Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, XXV, 1924, pp. 191-; cf. R. Dussaud, Syria, VI, 1925, pp. 95-
↑Clermont-Ganneau, in Repert. epigr. sémit., n ° 800.
↑E. Renan, Mission de Phénicie (1865–1874), p.707 and plate LIII: "Le petit fauteuil représenté planche LIII est une restitution en partie hypothétique de l’ensemble formé par deux fragments que nous avons rapportés (au Louvre, Catal. n° 75 et 76). Le globe ailé, les bras en forme d’aile, les sculptures fines, quoique très-frustes, du devant sont certains. Les figures des angles sont très-difficiles à agencer." [translated: "The small armchair shown on Plate LIII is a partly hypothetical restitution of the whole formed by two fragments that we have brought back (to the Louvre, Catal. N ° 75 and 76). The winged globe, the wing-shaped arms, the fine, though very rough, carvings on the front are certain. The angle figures are very difficult to arrange."
Sébastien Ronzevalle, ‘Note sur un monument phénicien de la région de Tyr’, CRAI (1907), 589–98
James R. Davila and Bruce Zuckerman (1993). The Throne of ʿAshtart Inscription. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, (289), 67–80. doi:10.2307/1357365
Józef Milik (1967). Les papyrus araméens d'Hermoupolis et les cultes syro-phéniciens en Égypte perse. Biblica, 48(4), 546–622. Retrieved July 28, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/42618436
Edward Lipiński, Rereading the Inscriptions of the ‘Throne of Astarte’ and the Sidonian Obelisk, Journal of Semitic Studies, Volume 61, Issue 2, Autumn 2016, Pages 319–325, https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgw011
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