ENSIKLOPEDIA

Tekan Enter untuk memulai pencarian cepat.

Kembali ke Ensiklopedia Arsip Wikipedia Indonesia

Propulsi roket

Propulsi wahana antariksa

Propulsi wahana antariksa digunakan untuk mengubah kecepatan wahana antariksa dan satelit buatan, atau singkatnya, untuk menyediakan delta-v. Ada beberapa metode. Setiap metode memiliki kekurangan dan kelebihan tersendiri, dan propulsi wahana antariksa adalah bidang riset yang aktif. Banyak wahana antariksa sekarang ini didorong oleh pemanasan reaksi massa dan mebuatnya mengalir dari belakang kendaraan. Mesin semacam ini disebut mesin roket.

Pesawat angkasa sekarang ini seluruhnya menggunakan mesin roket kimiawi (roket bipropelan) atau roket padat untuk peluncuran, meskipun beberapa (seperti roket Pegasus dan SpaceShipOne) telah menggunakan mesin pengisap-udara dalam roket multitingkatannya. Banyak satelit memiliki roket sederhana tepercaya (sering kali roket monopropelan) atau roket resistojet untuk menjaga stasiunnya, meskipun beberapa menggunakan roda momentum untuk pengontrol ketinggian. Pesawat geo-orbit baru mulai menggunakan pendorong listrik untuk penjagaan stasiun utara-selatan. Kendaraan antar planet kebanyakan menggunakan roket kimiawi dan juga, beberapa menggunakan pendorong ion dengan beberapa kesuksesan (sejenis pendorong listrik).^[1]^[2]^[3]

Produsen propulsi

Nama perusahaan	Negara	Mesin	Jenis mesin	Komentar
Dawn Aerospace	Netherlands	B20, B1, SatDrive, Cubedrive	Bi-Propellant, Cold Gass	Nitrous Oxide based, turnkey propulsion systems
ArianeGroup	Lampoldshausen, Germany	S10, S20, S200, S400 CHT-1N, CHT-20N, CHT-400N RIT-10, RIT-2x	propellant and Monopropellant Thrusters, Gridded Ion Thrusters	Main manufacturer for Propulsion Systems, Equipments and Services in Europe, serving major space projects like ATV, ORION-ESM, ExoMars, JUICE, MTG, GEO and EO satellites with Propulsion Solutions.
Comat	Flourens, France	Plasma Jet Pack	Vacuum Arc thruster ; Modular installation (PPSU + Nozzles)	To be used on @Isispace and @U-space platforms for French and European missions. Modular Thruster with up to 4 nozzles per PPSCU.
AB 360 Space	Washington DC, United States	CLEPS X-100, CLEPS C100	hybrid Thrusters, Combined Liquid Electric Propulsion Systems, Methane/ Oxygen Ion Thrusters	Uses Electric and Liquid Propulsion simultaneously for space propulsion for LEO/MEOsatellites^[4]
Moog-ISP (In Space Propulsion)	Westcott, Buckinghamshire United Kingdom Niagara Falls, NY United States	All Forms of Chemical Propulsion including Main Apogee Engines and AOCS Thrusters	Bipropellant and Monopropellant Product Families Include: LEROS, MONARC Thruster, LTT Thruster	Division of Moog Inc.
Bradford Space	New York, NY	LMP-103s thrusters, Water based thrusters	LMP-103s green monopropellant propulsion systems & thrusters, COMET water based propulsion systems	>100 thrusters on flight satellites
Busek	Natick, Massachusetts United States	BHT-200, BHT-1500, BHT-20k, BET-1, BmP-220, BIT-1, BIT-3, BIT-7, uPPT-3	Hall-effect thruster, Gridded Ion, Electrospray, micro Pulsed Plasma, Green Monopropellant, Electrothermal, Hollow Cathodes, Field Emission Cathode	TacSat-2, FalconSat-5, FalconSat-6, ST-7/LISA Pathfinder. Licensed technology for BPT-4000 aboard AEHF 1, AEHF 2, AEHF 3. Propulsion options ranging from CubeSats to GEO Communications Satellites to Asteroid Redirect Mission Spacecraft.^[5]
Aerojet Rocketdyne	Rancho Cordova, California United States	Numerous	liquid rocket engine, Solid rocket engine, Hall-effect thruster, Gridded Ion thruster.
Hanwha Aerospace	South Korea	KRE-075, KRE-007 and Monopropellant Thrusters	Bipropellant, Monopropellant and Motor	Hanwha aerospace manufacturing liquid rocket engine for KSLV-II and monopropellant enginesd spacecraft (Lunar Orbiter, KOMPSAT series, etc.). The engines are co-developed with KARI.
American Rocket Company	United States		hybrid rocket	intellectual property acquired by SpaceDev
CU Aerospace	Champaign, IL United States	PUC, CHIPS, PPT-11	MCD^[6] / Resistojet / PPT^[7]	Small satellite / CubeSat Propulsion Modules^[8]
VIPER			liquid rocket engine	reusable rocket engine^[9]
Ad Astra Rocket Company	Webster, TX United States	VASIMR	magnetoplasma	may be used for future Mars missions
Enpulsion GmbH	Wiener Neustadt, Austria	Propulsion Systems for Cubesats, Small Sats, and Medium/Large Satellites	Field Emission Electric Propulsion	Enpulsion is commercializing a technology that has been developed for ESA science missions for more than 10 years.^[10]
PLD Space	Spain	TREPEL family		used on Miura Rockets
Reaction Engines Ltd.	Oxfordshire, England United Kingdom	SABRE	combined cycle precooled jet engine and closed cycle rocket engine	planned to be used in Skylon
LIA Aerospace Ltd.	England United Kingdom	KX11	Pressure Fed, bipropellant, green, non-toxic, storable regen cooled	used in Zonda 1.0
Sierra Space	United States	VR35K-A^[11]	hybrid rocket, liquid rocket engine^[12]	Commercial space subsidiary of Sierra Nevada Corporation
SpaceDev	Poway, CA United States		hybrid rocket	acquired by Sierra Space; used on SpaceShipOne and SpaceShipTwo
SpaceX	Hawthorne, California, United States	Merlin / Raptor / Draco / Kestrel	liquid rocket engine	used on SpaceX rockets and spacecraft (Falcon, Starship, Dragon)
ArianeGroup	Vernon, France	Vinci / Viking / Vulcain / HM7B	liquid rocket engine	used on Ariane rockets
NPO Energomash	Russia		liquid rocket engine	used on R-7, Molniya, Soyuz, Energia, Zenit, Atlas III, Atlas V, Angara, Antares
KBKhA	Russia		liquid rocket engine	used on Soyuz, Proton, Energia
KBKhM	Russia		liquid rocket engine	used on Vostok, Voskhod, Zenit, Soyuz, Progress, Salyut 1, Salyut 4, Salyut 6, Salyut 7, Mir Core Module, Zvezda, GSLV Mk I
NIIMash	Russia		liquid rocket engine	used on Almaz, Buran, Briz-M
TsNIIMash	Russia			used on STEX
Kuznetsov Design Bureau	Russia		liquid rocket engine	used on N1, Soyuz-2-1v, Antares
OKB Fakel	Russia		Hall-effect thruster	used on SMART-1, LS-1300
Proton-PM	Russia		liquid rocket engine	used on Proton, Angara
Keldysh Research Center	Russia
Voronezh Mechanical Plant	Russia		liquid rocket engine	used on Vostok, Voskhod, Molniya, Soyuz, Proton, Energia, Luna
Yuzhnoye Design Office / Yuzhmash	Ukraine	RD-8 RD-843 RD-855 RD-856 etc.	Oxygen+kerosene and N₂0₄+UDMH liquid rocket engine Solid rocket engine thrusters Hall-effect thruster ammonia jet propulsion system gas-jet propulsion system	used on Vega, Zenit, Cyclone and lot of soviet missiles Okean-O, Sich-1, EgyptSat 1 and many Soviet spacecraft
Independence-X Aerospace	Malaysia	ID-1, ID-2, ID-3 and unnamed 2-stage rocket engine for DNLV	solid rocket motor and liquid rocket engine	used on ID-1, ID-2 and DNLV rocket
Borneo SubOrbitals	Malaysia		hybrid rocket	used on yet-to-be-named rocket
Apollo Fusion	United States	ACE, ACE Max	Hall-effect thruster	To be used on Spaceflight, Inc.'s Sherpa-LTE space tug^[13]
Benchmark Space Systems	United States	Starling, Halcyon, Peregrine	Warm gas thruster, High-test peroxide thruster, Hypergolic thruster	To be used on Spaceflight, Inc.'s Sherpa-LTC space tug^[13]
ThrustMe	France	NPT30, I2T5	Gridded ion thruster,^[14]^[15] Cold gas thruster^[16]	first in-orbit demonstration of an electric propulsion system powered by iodine^[17]^[18]

Lihat pula

Perjalanan antarplanet
Perjalanan antarbintang
Impuls spesifik
Roket
Persamaan roket Tsiolkovsky
Satelit

Referensi

↑ Meyer, Mike (April 2012). "In-space propulsion systems roadmap" (PDF). nasa.gov. hlm. 9. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal October 9, 2022. Diakses tanggal Feb 1, 2021.
↑ Mason, Lee S. "A practical approach to starting fission surface power development." proceedings of International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants (ICAPP'06), American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, Illinois, 2006b, paper. Vol. 6297. 2006.
↑ Leone, Dan (May 20, 2013). "NASA Banking on Solar Electric Propulsion's Slow but Steady Push". Space News. SpaceNews, Inc. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal July 20, 2013. Diakses tanggal February 1, 2021.
↑ "SpaceNews August 2021 Newsletter" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 7 May 2023. Diakses tanggal 24 August 2021.
↑ "Busek Home Page". Busek.com. Diakses tanggal 11 August 2017.
↑ Chadenedes, Mark de; Ahern, Drew; Cho, Jin-Hoon; Park, Sung-Jin; Eden, J.; Burton, Rodney; Yoon, Je Kwon; Garrett, Stephen; Sitaraman, Hariswaran; Raja, Laxminarayan; Laystrom-Woodard, Julia; Carroll, David; Benavides, Gabriel (2010). "Advances in Microcavity Discharge Thruster Technology". 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. doi:10.2514/6.2010-6616. ISBN 978-1-60086-958-7. Diakses tanggal 11 August 2017.
↑ Laystrom, Julia; Burton, Rodney; Benavides, Gabriel (2003). Geometric Optimization of a Coaxial Pulsed Plasma Thruster. doi:10.2514/6.2003-5025. ISBN 978-1-62410-098-7. Diakses tanggal 11 August 2017.
↑ "CU Aerospace – Small-Satellite Propulsion". 10 August 2014. Diarsipkan dari versi asli pada 10 August 2014. Diakses tanggal 11 August 2017. Pemeliharaan CS1: BOT: status url asli tidak diketahui (link)
↑ "A Rocket Engine for the Masses". 18 March 2019.
↑ "Austrian startup ramping to mass produce tricky electric propulsion thrusters". 26 October 2017.
↑ "VORTEX® Upper Stage Engine Achieves Critical Design Milestone". sncorp.com. Sierra Nevada Corporation. 4 August 2022. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2022.
↑ "Rocket Engines and Propulsion". sierraspace.com. Sierra Space. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2022.
1 2 "Spaceflight announces Sherpa tug with electric propulsion". 12 November 2020.
↑ Werner, Debra (6 November 2020). "Spacety launches satellite to test ThrustMe iodine electric propulsion and constellation technologies". Space News. Diakses tanggal 1 September 2021.
↑ "French startup demonstrates iodine propulsion in potential boost for space debris mitigation efforts". Spacenews. 2020-03-25. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-26.
↑ "Iodine Impulse for Smallsats Demo'd On-Orbit by ThrustMe and Spacety". Smallsat News. 2019-11-25. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-26.
↑ "Iodine thruster could slow space junk accumulation". esa.int. 2021-01-22. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-26.
↑ Rafalskyi, Dmytro; Martínez, Javier Martínez; Habl, Lui; Zorzoli Rossi, Elena; Proynov, Plamen; Boré, Antoine; Baret, Thomas; Poyet, Antoine; Lafleur, Trevor; Dudin, Stanislav; Aanesland, Ane (2021). "In-orbit demonstration of an iodine electric propulsion system". Nature. 599 (7885): 411–415. Bibcode:2021Natur.599..411R. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04015-y. PMC 8599014. PMID 34789903. S2CID 244347528.

(Inggris) NASA Beginner's Guide to Propulsion
(Inggris) Advanced Propulsion Concepts Diarsipkan 2004-10-11 di Wayback Machine. at islandone.org
(Inggris) NASA Breakthrough Propulsion Physics project Diarsipkan 2004-04-02 di Wayback Machine.
(Inggris) Rocket Propulsion
(Inggris) Journal of Advanced Theoretical Propulsion Diarsipkan 2008-02-28 di Wayback Machine.
(Inggris) Different Rockets Diarsipkan 2010-05-29 di Wayback Machine.
(Inggris) Spaceflight Propulsion - a detailed survey by Greg Goebel, in the public domain

Artikel bertopik teknologi ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

l
b
s

Artikel bertopik roket ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

l
b
s

Sumber data: id.wikipedia.org via REST API v1