The fossil taxa Mictomys, Tobienia (both thought to be allied with Synaptomys), and Plioctomys (thought to be allied with Lemmus and Myopus) are also thought to belong to this group.[2]
A 2021 phylogenetic study using mtDNA recovered Lemmini as sister to all other lineages of Arvicolinae, diverging during the late Miocene, about 8 million years ago.[3]