Colorado Rockies

He was drafted by the Colorado Rockies in the fourth round of the 2013 Major League Baseball draft.^[6][7] He made his professional debut with the Grand Junction Rockies and spent 2014 with the Asheville Tourists. Patterson started 2015 with Modesto Nuts and was promoted to the Double-A New Britain Rock Cats in July.^[8] During the final month of the season he transitioned into a first baseman.^[9][10] Patterson was promoted to the Major Leagues on September 6, 2016.^[11] He was designated for assignment by the Rockies on November 20, 2018.

Toronto Blue Jays

On November 26, 2018, Patterson was claimed off waivers by the New York Mets.^[12] Three days later, he was claimed off waivers again, this time by the Cincinnati Reds. The next day, Patterson was non-tendered and became a free agent.^[13] On December 4, he re-signed with Cincinnati on a minor league contract. On March 27, 2019, Patterson was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays. He played in 104 games for the Triple–A Buffalo Bisons, hitting .234/.308/.432 with 16 home runs and 47 RBI. Patterson elected free agency following the season on November 4.^[14]

On February 23, 2020, Patterson signed a minor league contract with the Chicago Cubs. He did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic.^[15] Patterson was released by the Cubs organization on May 28.

Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks

On July 12, 2020, Patterson signed with the Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball. In 13 games for Fargo, he hit .122/.163/.195 with no home runs and no RBI. Patterson was released by the club on July 31.