The town was laid out in 1878 and named after M Stuart, Resident Magistrate of the surrounding district, who was killed at the Battle of Ingogo in 1881.[2][3]:256 Its name is derived from the Zuluonomatopoeic word, eXobo, describing the sound made as cattle squelch through mud.[3]:256 The 'x', in Zulu, is pronounced as a lateral click.
The town is most famously described by Alan Paton in the opening lines of Cry, the Beloved Country: "There is a lovely road which runs from Ixopo into the hills. These hills are grass covered and rolling, and they are lovely beyond any singing of it."[4][3]:256