Human identical sequence The human identical sequence (HIS) is a sequence of RNA elements, 24-27 nucleotides in length, that coronavirus genomes share with the human genome .[ 1] NamiRNA (nuclear activating miRNA) through the NamiRNA-enhancer network to activate neighboring host genes.[ 2] [ 3] SARS-CoV-2 genome, which has five HIS elements; other human coronaviruses have one to five.[ 1] bats , pangolins , ferrets, and cats).[ 1]
SARS-CoV-2
name length sequence location in virus genome location in human genome neighboring genes note
HIS-SARS2-1 26 UGUCUAUGCUAAUGGAGGUAAAGGCU 7570–7595 in ORF1a Chr3 : 124017420-124017395KALRN
HIS-SARS2-2 24 UAUAACACAUATAAAAAUACGUGU 12494–12517 in ORF1a Chr3 : 176597319-176597342
HIS-SARS2-3 24 UUAUAUGCCUUAUUUCUUUACUUU 6766–6789 in ORF1a Chr5 : 28949255-28949232
HIS-SARS2-4 27 AGGAGAAUGACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 29860–29886 in 3' UTR Chr18 : 73670168-73670142FBXO15 , TIMM21 [ uk ] CYB5A same as HIS-SARS1-2
HIS-SARS2-5 24 UUGUUGCUGCUAUUUUCUAUUUAA 8610–8633 in ORF1a ChrX : 99693480-99693457
SARS-CoV-1
name length sequence location in virus genome location in human genome neighboring genes note
HIS-SARS-1 25 UAACAUGCUUAGGAUAAUGGCCUCU 15251–15275 in ORF1b Chr4 : 172887105–172887129Chr8 : 122356667-122356690HAS2 , ZHX2
HIS-SARS-2 27 AGGAGAAUGACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 29717–29743 in 3' UTR Chr18 : 73670168-73670142same as HIS-SARS2-4
MERS-CoV
name length sequence location in virus genome location in human genome neighboring genes note
HIS-MERS-1 24 UUCCAUUUGCACAGAGUAUCUUUU 24364–24387 in S ChrX : 25635779-25635802
HCoV-HKU1
name length sequence location in virus genome location in human genome neighboring genes note
HIS-HKU1-1 24 UUAGAAUUGUUCAAAUGUUAUCUG 18656-18679 chr1 :106816197-106816220
HIS-HKU1-2 24 UUUUCUAAGAAAGAUUGGUAUGAU 14044-14067 chr1 :226438633-226438656chr4 :151100495-151100518chr5 :79284823-79284846chr5 :111192947-111192970chr7 :94695722-94695745chr7 :98386489-98386512chr15 :59768424-59768447chr22 :30137367-30137390
HIS-HKU1-3 24 AUUUGACUUUAAAUCUUCAUACUA 26693-26716 chr4 :11718458-11718481
HIS-HKU1-4 24 GAUUGGUUGUAUUUUCAUUUUUAU 23527-23550 chr4 :33759646-33759669
HIS-HKU1-5 24 UAGAUACUGUUAUUUUUAAAAAUA 19844-19867 chrX :81711130-81711153
HCoV-NL63
name length sequence location in virus genome location in human genome neighboring genes note
HIS-NL63-1 24 UUAUGAUUUUGGUGAUUUUGUUGU 13044-13067 chr1 :215311768-215311791
HIS-NL63-2 24 GGUGUUUUUGUUGAUGAUGUUGUU 14920-14943 chr4 :28254452-28254475
HIS-NL63-3 24 AUAGGCUUAAAUGCUUCUGUUACU 20754-20777 chr6 :30469931-30469954
HIS-NL63-4 24 AAGUAAUUGUAUUAAGAUGUUAUC 12124-12147 chr7 :19853545-19853568
HIS-NL63-5 24 AACUUUUAUGAUUUUGGUGAUUUU 13039-13062 chr9 :1525276-1525299
HCoV-OC43
name length sequence location in virus genome location in human genome neighboring genes note
HIS-OC43-1 24 UACAGCUCUUUGUAAAUCUGGUAG 22827-22850 chr8 :122471006-122471029HAS2, ZHX2
HIS-OC43-2 24 UUGUAUGAGUGAUUUUAUGAGUGA 24509-24532 chr13 :30510223-30510246
HCoV-229E
name length sequence location in virus genome location in human genome neighboring genes note
HIS-229E-1 24 AAUAUUUUAACAGUACCACGUUAU 19817-19840 chr8 :42865576-42865599
HIS-229E-2 24 ACUUUGUAUUGUGUCCUCCUGGAA 13139-13162 chr11 :112451251-112451274
References
1 2 3 Li, W; Yang, S; Xu, P; Zhang, D; Tong, Y; Chen, L; Jia, B; Li, A; Lian, C; Ru, D; Zhang, B; Liu, M; Chen, C; Fu, W; Yuan, S; Gu, C; Wang, L; Li, W; Liang, Y; Yang, Z; Ren, X; Wang, S; Zhang, X; Song, Y; Xie, Y; Lu, H; Xu, J; Wang, H; Yu, W (February 2022). "SARS-CoV-2 RNA elements share human sequence identity and upregulate hyaluronan via NamiRNA-enhancer network" . EBioMedicine . 76 103861. doi :10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103861 . PMC 8811534 PMID 35124429 . ↑ Yang, S; Ling, Y; Zhao, F; Li, W; Song, Z; Wang, L; Li, Q; Liu, M; Tong, Y; Chen, L; Ru, D; Zhang, T; Zhou, K; Zhang, B; Xu, P; Yang, Z; Li, W; Song, Y; Xu, J; Zhu, T; Shan, F; Yu, W; Lu, H (18 March 2022). "Hymecromone: a clinical prescription hyaluronan inhibitor for efficiently blocking COVID-19 progression" . Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy . 7 (1): 91. doi :10.1038/s41392-022-00952-w . PMC 8931182 PMID 35304437 . ↑ Xiao M, Li J, Li W, Wang Y, Wu F, Xi Y, Zhang L, Ding C, Luo H, Li Y, Peng L, Zhao L, Peng S, Xiao Y, Dong S, Cao J, Yu W (October 2017). "MicroRNAs activate gene transcription epigenetically as an enhancer trigger" . RNA Biology . 14 (10): 1326– 1334. doi :10.1080/15476286.2015.1112487 . PMC 5711461 PMID 26853707 .
