It was constructed during the era of Japanese rule on 19 May 1936 and was named Shinchiku Airdrome (Japanese: 新竹飛行場).
On November 25, 1943, during the Pacific War, an air raid was carried out by a joint force of the United States Army Air Forces and the National Revolutionary Army against the military base. The surprise attack by the Allied forces was successful, and the Japanese military lost a large number of aircraft.[3][4]
As of the late 1990s, the longest runway at Hsinchu was reportedly 12,000 feet (3658 m) long.