You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (January 2025) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Russian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must follow the LLM translation guideline, revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,075 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at [[:ru:Федеральная служба исполнения наказаний]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|ru|Федеральная служба исполнения наказаний}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Federal Penitentiary Service

Emblem of the Federal Penitentiary Service
Flag of the Federal Penitentiary Service
Agency overview
Formed	2004; 22 years ago (2004)
Superseding agency	GUIN
Jurisdiction	Russia
Headquarters	Zhitnaya Street 14 Yakimanka District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow
Employees	224,042
Annual budget	251.7 Billion Rubles (2024)
Agency executive	Arkady Gostev [ru], Director
Parent agency	Ministry of Justice
Website	fsin.gov.ru

The Federal Penitentiary Service (Russian: Федеральная служба исполнения наказаний,^[a] ФСИН, romanized: Federalnaya Sluzhba Ispolneniya Nakazaniy, FSIN) is a federal agency of the Ministry of Justice of Russia responsible for correctional services.

The FSIN is the federal authority for the detention of suspected and convicted persons, the security and maintenance of prisons in Russia, the transport of prisoners, and rehabilitation programs. As of March 2022, it operates 872 institutions (204 pre-trial SIZO institutions, 642 corrective colonies, 8 prisons, 18 juvenile colonies), with pre-trial detention facilities housing adult and juvenile offenders of various security levels, with the majority of penal facilities being corrective labor colonies. Its head office is located at Zhitnaya Street 14 in Yakimanka District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow.

The FSIN was established in 2004 as a new federal correctional service agency for the Ministry of Justice to replace the Soviet-era Main Administration for the Execution of Punishments (Главное управление исполнения наказаний, GUIN), formerly of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and received its current name in 2006. It claims succession from the Main Prisons Directorate of the Russian Empire founded in 1879, and directly succeeds the correctional services of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union including the Gulag agency.

History

The Federal Penitentiary Service is considered to be successor to the Main Prison Administration, established on 27 February 1879 as the first government body dealing with maintenance and security of detention and prison facilities in the Russian Empire. On 13 December 1895, the Main Prison Administration was transferred from the Interior Ministry to the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Empire. Following the October Revolution, a new prison administration was established by the Bolsheviks with a system composed mainly of forced labour camps across the Soviet Union. On 7 April 1930, the Gulag agency was established which oversaw an expansion of the labour camp system in the Soviet Union. In 1960, the Main Administration for Execution of Punishments (GUIN) was founded under the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union following the dissolution of the Gulag agency. At the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, all prisons and colonies were under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 1992, the Main Directorate for the Execution of Punishments (GUIN) was created to manage them. At the same time, due to growing crime, prisons were overcrowded with detainees, and conditions of detention were deteriorating. In 1994, all penitentiary departments began to report to one structure - the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.^[1][2][3]

Tasks and powers

The main tasks of the FSIN are:

• the execution, in accordance with Russian legislation penal, detention of persons suspected or accused of committing crimes, and defendants;
• control the behavior of probationers and prisoners, which the court granted a deferment sentence;
• ensuring the protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of convicts and persons in custody;
• ensuring law and order in the institutions, enforcing criminal penalties of imprisonment (hereinafter - institutions executing punishment), and in detention centers, security contained in them convicts, persons in custody, as well as employees of the correctional system, officials and citizens in the territories of these institutions and detention facilities;
• protecting and escorting prisoners and persons detained on the specified routes escort, convoy of Russian citizens and stateless persons on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as foreign citizens and stateless persons in the case of their extradition;
• Prisoners and detainees in detention, detention conditions, in accordance with international law, provisions of international treaties and federal laws;
• The organization of the activities to provide assistance to convicted in social adaptation;
• management of the territorial bodies of the FSIN directly subordinate agencies.

Directors

The FSIN is headed by the Director of the Federal Penitentiary Service, who is appointed and dismissed by the President of Russia on the recommendation of the Prime Minister of Russia. The Director is authorized to have six deputies, including one first deputy, who are appointed and dismissed by the President.

Population

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

As of March 2019, the FSIN was responsible for 558,778 inmates, including pre-trial detainees. Only 8% of prisoners in Russia were female, and 0.2% were juvenile offenders. As of 2018, Russia had one of the highest incarceration rates in the world at 416 per 100,000 people with a prison population ranked fourth behind the United States, China, and Brazil. Before 2000 Russia was ranked as having the highest incarceration rate per 100,000 people internationally until it was overtaken by the United States. between 2000 and 2018, Russia’s prison population dropped substantially with a decline of over 400,000 inmates, thanks among other factors, to the socioeconomic reforms and overall increase in standards and quality of life.

The FSIN operated 705 places of worship within its facilities for inmates of various faiths including Orthodoxy, Islam, Buddhism, and Catholicism.

Facilities

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

As of 2019, the FSIN operated 954 facilities of various types located across Russia. The majority of prisons are "corrective labor colonies", a type of penal colony that combines detention with compulsory work introduced during the Soviet era, but also operates a number of traditional prisons.

See also

• Russian penal military units

Notes

References

External links

• Media related to Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia at Wikimedia Commons
• Official website (in Russian)
• Official Community VKontakte (in Russian)

55°43′53″N 37°36′42″E / 55.73139°N 37.61167°E / 55.73139; 37.61167