Queen Elizabeth II

The daughter of George VI and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, Elizabeth and her sister, Margaret, were raised by multiple governesses^[2] at 145 Piccadilly.^[3] Following the outbreak of World War II, Elizabeth and Margaret were relocated to Windsor Castle. In the last year of the Second World War, Elizabeth served in the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service.^[2]

In 1951, as the health of her father, George VI, deteriorated, Elizabeth began to assume more ceremonial duties. On 6 February 1952, Elizabeth II became Queen of the United Kingdom upon her father's death.^[2] One year later, she participated in her coronation at Westminster Abbey on 2 June 1953.^[3] During Elizabeth's reign, various political and societal changes occurred in the United Kingdom, including the decline in the authority of the Church of England, the end of the Cold War, and the rise of multiculturalism.^[2]

Elizabeth died in 2022 at Balmoral Castle.^[4]

Prince Philip

The only son of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark and Princess Alice of Battenberg, Philip was educated at Cheam School, Schule Schloss Salem, and Gordonstoun School. He joined the Royal Navy in 1939, later serving with distinction during World War II and becoming a lieutenant.^[3]

In 1939, Philip escorted Elizabeth and her sister Margaret around Britannia Royal Naval College Dartmouth. Shortly afterwards, Elizabeth and Philip began exchanging correspondence. On 10 July 1947, their engagement was announced. Elizabeth and Philip later married on 20 November 1947.^[3]

As Elizabeth's consort, Philip provided her companionship and moral support. He accompanied Elizabeth on her state visits and royal tours within the United Kingdom.^[5] In addition, Philip was associated with approximately 1,000 organisations that supported various causes, including young people, nature conservation, and sports.^[6]

Philip died in 2021 at Windsor Castle.^[7]

Marriage

Elizabeth and Philip were married in 1947. Following their wedding ceremony, they spent their honeymoon at Broadlands. Elizabeth and Philip later resided at Clarence House until the former became Queen of the United Kingdom in 1952. Moreover, Elizabeth remained at Villa Guardamangia during her husband's naval posting to Malta.^[3]

Family of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom

Portrait	Name	Birth	Death	Descendants
	Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom r. 1952[2]–2022[4]	21 April 1926[2]	8 September 2022[4]	4 children,[2] including: Charles III, King of the United Kingdom[2]
	Philip Mountbatten	10 June 1921[8]	9 April 2021[7]

Children of Charles and Diana

In November 1977, Prince Charles met Diana Spencer for the first time. After a courtship, Charles and Diana became engaged in February 1981. They subsequently married on 29 July 1981.^[3]

Charles and Diana became the parents of two boys, William and Harry, who were known as the heir and spare, respectively.^[2] Diana raised their children in an atypical manner for British royal children. For example, she took William with her on a royal tour of Australia with Charles in 1983. Moreover, Diana brought William and Harry to Thorpe Park.^[3]

During his marriage to Diana, Charles engaged in an affair with Camilla Parker Bowles.^[d] In turn, Diana, deprived of emotional affection from Charles, engaged in her own affairs,^[2] including with James Hewitt.^[3] Combined with the age difference between Charles and Diana, his affair with Camilla caused his marriage with Diana to collapse. Charles and Diana separated in 1992 and eventually divorced in July 1996.^[3]

Children of Charles III, King of the United Kingdom

Portrait	Name	Birth	Family
	William, Prince of Wales	21 June 1982[8]	Married 2011, Catherine Middleton (born 1982) and had 3 children:[13] Prince George of Wales (born 2013)[13] Princess Charlotte of Wales (born 2015)[13] Prince Louis of Wales (born 2018)[13]
	Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex	15 September 1984[8]	Married 2018, Meghan Markle:[13] (born 1981[3][14]) and had 2 children[14] Prince Archie of Sussex (born 2019)[13] Princess Lilibet of Sussex (born 2021)[3][15]

Children of Anne and Mark

In 1968, Princess Anne met Mark Phillips in Mexico City.^[16] Despite unfavorable impressions of Mark from Elizabeth II, Philip, and Charles,^[3] Mark proposed to Anne in May 1973, and the two married on 14 November 1973.^[16] Anne and Mark had two children: Peter and Zara.^[3] Neither Peter nor Zara, who both grew up at Gatcombe Park, was given royal titles by Anne. Anne explained that not giving her children royal titles was probably easier for them. Moreover, Zara has expressed gratitude for not receiving a royal title.^[17]

Shortly after Anne gave birth to Zara, Anne and Mark began to become more emotionally distant in their relationship.^[16] In 1985, Mark was named in a paternity suit as the father of a child from an affair.^[3] Ultimately, Anne and Mark separated in 1989. They divorced three years later.^[16]

Children of Anne, Princess Royal

Portrait	Name	Birth	Family
	Peter Phillips	15 November 1977[8]	Married 2008, Autumn Kelly (born 1978:[18])[17][e] and had 2 children[17] Savannah Phillips (born 2010)[17] Isla Phillips (born 2012)[17]
	Zara Phillips	15 May 1981[17]	Married 2011, Mike Tindall:[17] (born 1978[20]) and had 3 children[17] Mia Tindall (born 2014)[17] Lena Tindall (born 2018)[17] Lucas Tindall (born 2021)[17]

Children of Andrew and Sarah

In 1985, Andrew met Sarah Ferguson at Windsor Castle.^[f] In March 1986, they announced their engagement,^[22] eventually marrying on 23 July 1986.^[2] Andrew and Sarah had two children: Beatrice and Eugenie.^[22] Growing up, Beatrice and Eugenie attended Christmas services at St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham, and the Royal Ascot with the rest of the British royal family.^[23]

Andrew and Sarah separated in 1992, followed by their divorce in 1996.^[22] Nevertheless, they have maintained an amicable relationship.^[23]

Children of Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor

Portrait	Name	Birth	Family
	Princess Beatrice	8 August 1988[8]	Married 2020, Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi:[23] (born 1983[24]) and had 2 children[23] Sienna Mapelli Mozzi (born 2021)[23] Athena Mapelli Mozzi (born 2025)[23]
	Princess Eugenie	23 March 1990[8]	Married 2018, Jack Brooksbank:[25] (born 1986[26]) and had 2 children[26] August Brooksbank (born 2021)[23] Jack Brooksbank (born 2023)[23]

Children of Edward and Sophie

Contrary to speculation that Edward would remain unmarried, Prince Edward wed Sophie Rhys-Jones on 10 June 1999.^[2] Edward and Sophie had met at a real tennis event in 1993, and they announced their engagement in January 1999.^[12]

Edward and Sophie have two children: Louise and James.^[12] Sophie prematurely gave birth to Louise, which resulted in her having esotropia. Moreover, Edward and Sophie have opted not to style Louise and James as a British princess and British prince, respectively, raising them with the understanding that they will work for a living.^[27]

Children of Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh

Portrait	Name	Birth
	Louise Mountbatten-Windsor	8 November 2003[12]
	James, Earl of Wessex	17 December 2007[12]

Notes

Citations