Blancan North American Stage pada skala waktu geologi adalah zaman sekitar 4.750.000 sampai 1.808.000 juta BP.[1]
Blancan dianggap sebagai dimulainya awal-pertengahan Pliosen dan akhir dari awal Pleistosen.[2] Blancan dilanjutkan oleh Hemphillian.
Masalah Tarikh
Tanggal dimulainya Blancan masih belum sepenuhnya didirikan. Terdapat persetujuan umum bahwa tanggalnya sekitar 4.9[3] dan 4.3 juta tahun yang lalu ("mya").[4] Database GeoWhen yang sering dikutip menempatkannya pada 4.75 mya.[1]
12Lundelius, E.L. Jr. et al. (1987): The North American Quaternary Sequence. In: Woodburne, Michael O. (ed.): Cenozoic mammals of North America: geochronology and biostratigraphy: 211–235. University of California Press, Berkeley. ISBN 0-520-05392-3
↑Tedford, Richard H. (1981). "Mammalian biochronology of the late Cenozoic basins of New Mexico". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 92 (12): 1008–1022. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<1008:MBOTLC>2.0.CO;2.
Pustaka
Cassiliano, Michael L. (1999): Biostratigraphy of Blancan and Irvingtonian mammals in the Fish Creek–Vallecito Creek section, southern California, and a review of the Blancan-Irvingtonian boundary. J. Vertebr. Paleontol.19(1): 169–186.
Lindsay, Everett et al. (2002): Recognition of the Hemphillian/Blancan boundary in Nevada. J. Vertebr. Paleontol.22(2): 429–442.DOI:10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0429:ROTHBB]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract
Lundelius, E.L. Jr. et al. (1987): The North American Quaternary Sequence. In:Woodburne, Michael O. (ed.): Cenozoic mammals of North America: geochronology and biostratigraphy: 211–235. University of California Press, Berkeley.ISBN 0-520-05392-3
Morgan, Gary S. & Lucas, Spencer G. (2003): Mammalian Biochronology of Blancan and Irvingtonian (Pliocene and Early Pleistocene) Faunas from New Mexico. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History279: 269–320. PDF fulltextDiarsipkan 2007-07-05 di Wayback Machine.
Tedford, Richard H. (1981): Mammalian biochronology of the late Cenozoic basins of New Mexico. Geological Society of America Bulletin92(12): 1008–1022.DOI:10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<1008:MBOTLC>2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract
Woodburne, Michael O. & Swisher, C.C. III (1995): Land mammal high-resolution geochronology, intercontinental overland dispersals, sea level, climate, and vicariance. Society for Economic Paleontology and Mineralogy Special Publications54: 335–364.ISBN 1-56576-024-7