The 1MV planetary probe (short for 1st generation Mars-Venus) is a designation for a common design used by early Soviet uncrewed probes to Mars and Venus.[1][2][3] It was standard practice of the Soviet space program to use standardized components as much as possible.
All probes shared the same general characteristics and differed only in equipment necessary for specific missions.[4] Each probe also incorporated improvements based on experience with earlier missions.
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