Gurdwara Shri Tibi Sahib on the banks of river Sutlej
Rupnagar district is one of twenty-three districts in the state of Punjab, India. The city of Rupnagar is said to have been founded by a Raja called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen. It is also the site of an ancient town of the Indus Valley civilization. The major cities in Rupnagar District are Morinda, Nangal and Anandpur Sahib.
Rupnagar district, included in the Patiala Division of Punjab falls between north latitude 30°-32' and 31°-24' and east longitude 76°-18' and 76°-55'. Rupnagar (formerly known as Ropar) town, the district headquarters is 42km from Chandigarh, the state capital. The district adjoins Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar (formerly known as Nawanshahar), Mohali and Fatehgarh Sahib Districts of Punjab.
The district comprises 4 Tehsils, Rupnagar, Anandpur Sahib, Chamkaur Sahib and Nangal and includes 617 villages and 7 towns namely Rupnagar, Chamkaur Sahib, Anandpur Sahib, Morinda, Kiratpur Sahib and Nangal, Bela. All the towns except Chamkaur sahib fall on the railway line. The Satluj river passes close (2 to 5km) to the towns of Nangal, Rupnagar, Bela and Anandpur Sahib. Rupnagar falls in Puadh region except it's nurpur bedi sub-tehsil which is geographically in Doaba region of Punjab.
Climate
The climate of Rupnagar District is characterized by its general dryness (except in the south-west monsoon season), hot summer, and bracingly cold winter. The year may be divided into four seasons. The period from about the middle of November to February is the cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of June. The south-west monsoon season commences late in June and continues up to about the middle of September.[2]
The period from mid-September to the middle of November constitute the post-monsoon or transition season. The temperature ranges from a minimum of 4°C in winter to 45°C in summer. May and June are generally hottest months and December and January are the coldest months.
The relative humidity is high, averaging about 70 percent during monsoon. The average annual rainfall in the district is 775.6mm. About 78 percent of the annual rainfall is received during the period from June to September. The soils of the District vary in texture generally from loam to silty clay loam except along the Sutlej River and where some sandy patches may be found. Chamkaur Sahib and Kharar blocks have sodic soils. The soils of Anandpur Sahib and Rupnagar blocks are undulating.[2]
According to the 2011 census Rupnagar district has a population of 684,627,[4] roughly equal to the nation of Equatorial Guinea[5] or the US state of North Dakota.[6] This gives it a ranking of 507th in India (out of a total of 640).[4] The district has a population density of 488 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,260/sqmi) .[4] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 8.67%.[4] Rupnagar has a sex ratio of 913 females for every 1000 males,[4] and a literacy rate of 83.3%. Scheduled Castes made up 26.42% of the population.[4]
Gender
The table below shows the sex ratio of Ludhiana district through decades.
↑US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2011. Equatorial Guinea 668,225, July 2011 est.
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