Sir Charles James Lyall KCSI CIE FBA (9 Maret 1845 – 1 September 1920) adalah seorang Arabiawan Inggris,^[1] dan pamong praja yang bekerja di India selama periode Raj Britania Raya.

Keilmuan

Di waktu luangnya, Lyall dikenal sebagai seorang cendekiawan berbagai bahasa Timur. Ia menunjukkan bakat berbahasa Ibrani saat kuliah dan kemudian mempelajari bahasa Arab, Hindustan, dan Persia, serta bahasa yang saat itu disebut bahasa Mikir, yang memungkinkannya menerjemahkan beberapa cerita rakyat yang dikumpulkan oleh Edward Stack. Kamus Biografi Nasional Oxford menyatakan bahwa ia adalah "salah satu sarjana bahasa Timur terkemuka di Inggris" dan bahwa

Terjemahannya sangat berhasil dalam menggabungkan terjemahan yang akurat dengan diksi puitis yang meniru irama dari terjemahan aslinya, meskipun biasanya tanpa upaya rima^[2]

Ia menerbitkan dua jilid Terjemahan Puisi Arab Kuno (1885, 1894), dan terjemahan Diwan Abid bin al-Abras (1913), Puisi Amr Putra Qamiah (1919), dan Mufaddaliyat (1921), serta artikel-artikel tentang sastra Hindustan dan Arab. Artikel-artikelnya tentang "Sastra Hindustan", dan lain-lain, diterbitkan dalam edisi kesembilan dan kesebelas Encyclopædia Britannica.^[3][4]

Lyall terpilih sebagai Fellow of the British Academy,^[4] Universitas Kolkata dan King's College, London, serta menjadi wakil presiden Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland dan perwakilan resmi pemerintah India di berbagai kongres oriental internasional antara tahun 1899 dan 1908. Ia menjadi Presiden Asiatic Society of Bengal pada tahun 1894 dan anggota kehormatan baik dari itu dan Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft. Ia juga menerima gelar kehormatan dari Universitas Edinburgh, Oxford, dan Strasbourg.^[4] Ia membantu pendirian Sekolah Studi Oriental London.^[2][3]

Publikasi

Daftar berikut ini tidak lengkap. Lyall telah menyumbangkan makalah ke banyak jurnal.

• A sketch of the Hindustani language. Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black. 1880.
• Translations of ancient Arabian poetry : chiefly, præ-Islamic, with an introduction and notes. Vol. 1. London: Williams and Norgate. 1885.
• Report on the working of the Penal settlement of Port Blair. Calcutta: Printed by the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. 1890–1891. (Co-authored with A. S. Lethbridge)
• Guide to the transliteration of Hindu and Muhammadan names in the Bengal army (Edisi 3rd). Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. 1892.
• Translations of ancient Arabian poetry : chiefly, præ-Islamic, with an introduction and notes. Vol. 2. London: Williams and Norgate. 1894.
• Ten ancient Arabic poems with commentary by Tibrizi. 1891–1894.^[3]
• "The words "Ḥanif" and Muslim"". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. London: 771–784. October 1903.
• The Mikirs; from the papers of the late Edward Stack. London: David Nutt. 1908. ("Edited, arranged and supplemented" by Lyall)
• The Diwans of Abid ibn al-Abras, of Asad, and Amir ibn at-Tufail, of Amir ibn Sasaah, edited for the first time, from the ms. in the British museum, and supplied with a translation and notes. Leyden: E. J. Brill; London: Luzac & Co. 1913.
• The Mufaḍḍaliyāt; an anthology of ancient Arabian odes compiled by Al-Mufaḍḍal son of Muḥammad according to the recension and with the commentary of Abū Muḥammad Al-Qāsim Ibn Muḥammad Al-Anbāri. Vol. 1: Arabic text. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1921. (Edited by Lyall)
• The Mufaḍḍaliyāt; an anthology of ancient Arabian odes compiled by Al-Mufaḍḍal son of Muḥammad according to the recension and with the commentary of Abū Muḥammad Al-Qāsim Ibn Muḥammad Al-Anbāri. Vol. 2: Translation and Notes. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1918. (Edited by Lyall)
• The Mufaḍḍaliyāt; an anthology of ancient Arabian odes compiled by Al-Mufaḍḍal son of Muḥammad according to the recension and with the commentary of Abū Muḥammad Al-Qāsim Ibn Muḥammad Al-Anbāri. Vol. 3: Indexes to the Arabic text. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1918. (Edited by Lyall; compiled by A. A. Bevan)
• "Some aspects of ancient Arabic poetry as illustrated by a little-known anthology". Proceedings of the British Academy. 8. London: 365–380. 1918.
• "Transliteration of Arabic and Persian. Report of the committee appointed to draw up a practical scheme for the transliteration into English of words and names belonging to the languages of the nearer East". Proceedings of the British Academy. 8. London. 1918.
• The poems of 'Amr son of Qami'ah. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1919. (Edited and translated by Lyall)

Referensi

Bacaan lanjutan

• A. A. B. (October 1920). "Sir Charles James Lyall". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (4). Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: 667–669. JSTOR 25209684.
• "Death of Sir Charles Lyall". The Times. No. 42506. London. 3 September 1920. hlm. 12.
• Nicholson, Reynold Alleyne (1919–20). "Sir C. J. Lyall, 1845–1920". Proceedings of the British Academy. 9: 492–496.
• Sprengling, M. (April 1923). "In Memoriam: Sir Charles James Lyall". The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures. 39 (3): 207–217. doi:10.1086/369988. JSTOR 528631. S2CID 170442706.(perlu berlangganan)