ENSIKLOPEDIA
Alpena County, Michigan
Alpena County, Michigan | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Location within the U.S. state of Michigan | |
| Coordinates: 45°02′N 83°12′W / 45.04°N 83.2°W / 45.04; -83.2 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Michigan |
| Founded | February 7[1], 1857 |
| Seat | Alpena |
| Largest city | Alpena |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,695 sq mi (4,390 km2) |
| • Land | 572 sq mi (1,480 km2) |
| • Water | 1,123 sq mi (2,910 km2) 66% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 28,907 |
• Estimate (2025) | 28,853  |
| • Density | 50.5/sq mi (19.5/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Congressional district | 1st |
| Website | www |
Alpena County (/ælˈpiːnə/ al-PEE-nə) is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 census, the population was 28,907.[2] The county seat is Alpena.[3] It is considered to be part of Northern Michigan. Alpena County comprises the Alpena, MI Micropolitan Statistical Area.
History
The county was created by the Michigan Legislature in 1840 as Anamickee County,[5] (from animikii meaning thunder in Ojibwe) then renamed in 1843 to Alpena County,[4] a pseudo-Native American word — a neologism coined by Henry Schoolcraft, meaning "a good partridge country."[1][6][7][8] This was part of a much larger effort to rename a great many of the Michigan counties at the time.[8] The Thunder Bay Band of Chippewa and Ottawa, the original indigenous inhabitants of the area, merged with the Mackinac Bands of Chippewa and Ottawa Indians in the mid-1800s under Chief Way-ge-maw-waw-be. The county was officially organized in 1857.[1][8]
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,695 square miles (4,390 km2), of which 572 square miles (1,480 km2) is land and 1,123 square miles (2,910 km2) (66%) is water.[9]
Alpena County is in the northeast of the mitten-shaped Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Lake Huron and Thunder Bay are to the east, Alcona County to the south, Oscoda County to the southwest, Montmorency County to the west, and Presque Isle County to the north. Most of the county is drained by the Thunder Bay River and its tributaries. The Mackinaw State Forest occupies large tracts of land in the county. The Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary is offshore adjacent to the county.
The 45th parallel bisects the county, meaning it is halfway between the North Pole and the equator.[10][11]
Several islands in Thunder Bay are part of the Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge. There are automated lighthouses on Middle Island and Thunder Bay Island.
Geographic features
Glaciers shaped the area, creating a unique regional ecosystem. A large portion of the area is so-called Grayling outwash plain, consisting of broad outwash plain including sandy ice-disintegration ridges; jack pine barrens, some white pine-red pine forest, and northern hardwood forests. Large lakes were created by glacial action.[12] Some of the inland lakes are truly massive.[13]
Adjacent counties
- Alcona County - south
- Oscoda County - southwest
- Montmorency County - west
- Presque Isle County - north
Major highways
US 23 serves Alpena on its way along the Lake Huron shoreline. To the north, it passes past Long Lake and Grand Lake, thence to Rogers City, Michigan, through Cheboygan, Michigan, and on to Mackinaw City, Michigan, where it ends and connects to I-75 and the Mackinac Bridge.
M-32 ends its 100-mile (160 km) easterly cross-peninsular route from Lake Michigan to Lake Huron within downtown Alpena at an intersection with US 23.
M-65 is a more direct route to the south than US 23, which meanders along the lake shore through many villages and towns. M-65 goes north to Rogers City.
National protected area
Communities
City
- Alpena (county seat)
Village
- Hillman (partially)
Charter township
Civil townships
Census-designated place
Other unincorporated communities
Demographics
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 290 | — | |
| 1870 | 2,756 | 850.3% | |
| 1880 | 8,789 | 218.9% | |
| 1890 | 15,581 | 77.3% | |
| 1900 | 18,254 | 17.2% | |
| 1910 | 19,965 | 9.4% | |
| 1920 | 17,869 | −10.5% | |
| 1930 | 18,574 | 3.9% | |
| 1940 | 20,766 | 11.8% | |
| 1950 | 22,189 | 6.9% | |
| 1960 | 28,556 | 28.7% | |
| 1970 | 30,708 | 7.5% | |
| 1980 | 32,315 | 5.2% | |
| 1990 | 30,605 | −5.3% | |
| 2000 | 31,314 | 2.3% | |
| 2010 | 29,598 | −5.5% | |
| 2020 | 28,907 | −2.3% | |
| 2025 (est.) | 28,853 | [14] | −0.2% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[15] 1790-1960[16] 1900-1990[17] 1990-2000[18] 2010-2018[2] | |||
Racial and ethnic composition
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 1980[19] | Pop 1990[20] | Pop 2000[21] | Pop 2010[22] | Pop 2020[23] | % 1980 | % 1990 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 32,075 | 30,249 | 30,626 | 28,623 | 27,006 | 99.26% | 98.84% | 97.80% | 96.71% | 93.42% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 17 | 35 | 73 | 78 | 99 | 0.05% | 0.11% | 0.23% | 0.26% | 0.34% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 83 | 88 | 120 | 150 | 120 | 0.26% | 0.29% | 0.38% | 0.51% | 0.42% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 33 | 84 | 102 | 148 | 112 | 0.10% | 0.27% | 0.33% | 0.50% | 0.39% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | x [24] | x [25] | 1 | 10 | 12 | x | x | 0.00% | 0.03% | 0.04% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 28 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 67 | 0.09% | 0.01% | 0.03% | 0.01% | 0.23% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | x [26] | x [27] | 203 | 283 | 1,074 | x | x | 0.65% | 0.96% | 3.72% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 79 | 145 | 181 | 304 | 417 | 0.24% | 0.47% | 0.58% | 1.03% | 1.44% |
| Total | 32,315 | 30,605 | 31,314 | 29,598 | 28,907 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2020 census
As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 28,907. The median age was 48.1 years. 18.6% of residents were under the age of 18 and 24.7% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 97.6 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 95.5 males age 18 and over.[28]
The racial makeup of the county was 94.0% White, 0.3% Black or African American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.4% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 0.4% from some other race, and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 1.4% of the population.[29]
53.4% of residents lived in urban areas, while 46.6% lived in rural areas.[30]
There were 12,901 households in the county, of which 22.4% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 44.7% were married-couple households, 20.4% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 26.4% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[28]
There were 15,645 housing units, of which 17.5% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 78.1% were owner-occupied and 21.9% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.7% and the rental vacancy rate was 9.9%.[28]
2010 census
The 2010 United States census indicated Alpena County had a 2010 population of 29,598. This is a decrease of 1,716 people from 2000. Overall, the county had a -5.5% growth rate during this ten-year period. In 2010 there were 12,791 households and 8,164 families in the county. The population density was 51.8 per square mile (20.0 square kilometers).[31]
There were 16,053 housing units at an average density of 28.1 per square mile (10.8 square kilometers). Among the population at the time, 97.5% were White, 0.5% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.3% Black or African American, 0.1% of some other race and 1.1% of two or more races. 1.0% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race). 26.8% were of German, 19.5% Polish, 12.9% French, French Canadian or Cajun, 8.1% English, 6.4% Irish and 5.7% American ancestry.[31]
There were 12,791 households, out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were husband and wife families, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 36.2% were non-families, and 30.8% were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.81.[31]
In the county, the population was spread out, with 20.9% under age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 20.8% from 25 to 44, 31.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females there were 96.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.1 males.[31]
The 2010 American Community Survey 3-year estimate indicated the median income for a household in the county was $36,242 and the median income for a family was $46,718. Males had a median income of $27,002 versus $15,670 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,713. About 2.5% of families and 16.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.2% of those under the age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.[31]
Government
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 1884 | 927 | 43.87% | 1,127 | 53.34% | 59 | 2.79% |
| 1888 | 1,486 | 47.14% | 1,504 | 47.72% | 162 | 5.14% |
| 1892 | 1,526 | 49.11% | 1,536 | 49.44% | 45 | 1.45% |
| 1896 | 1,777 | 51.03% | 1,665 | 47.82% | 40 | 1.15% |
| 1900 | 2,283 | 59.34% | 1,435 | 37.30% | 129 | 3.35% |
| 1904 | 2,498 | 69.37% | 907 | 25.19% | 196 | 5.44% |
| 1908 | 2,358 | 68.07% | 949 | 27.40% | 157 | 4.53% |
| 1912 | 709 | 19.99% | 1,105 | 31.15% | 1,733 | 48.86% |
| 1916 | 2,020 | 57.93% | 1,392 | 39.92% | 75 | 2.15% |
| 1920 | 3,467 | 63.38% | 1,893 | 34.61% | 110 | 2.01% |
| 1924 | 4,628 | 75.78% | 948 | 15.52% | 531 | 8.69% |
| 1928 | 3,467 | 63.43% | 1,984 | 36.30% | 15 | 0.27% |
| 1932 | 3,222 | 45.99% | 3,562 | 50.84% | 222 | 3.17% |
| 1936 | 3,536 | 49.97% | 3,231 | 45.66% | 309 | 4.37% |
| 1940 | 4,822 | 57.19% | 3,597 | 42.66% | 13 | 0.15% |
| 1944 | 4,453 | 60.78% | 2,856 | 38.98% | 18 | 0.25% |
| 1948 | 4,313 | 60.30% | 2,743 | 38.35% | 96 | 1.34% |
| 1952 | 6,248 | 66.32% | 3,134 | 33.27% | 39 | 0.41% |
| 1956 | 7,142 | 70.18% | 3,033 | 29.80% | 2 | 0.02% |
| 1960 | 6,573 | 56.41% | 5,071 | 43.52% | 9 | 0.08% |
| 1964 | 3,954 | 34.47% | 7,508 | 65.45% | 10 | 0.09% |
| 1968 | 5,717 | 50.77% | 4,788 | 42.52% | 756 | 6.71% |
| 1972 | 6,513 | 55.05% | 5,104 | 43.14% | 214 | 1.81% |
| 1976 | 6,380 | 49.59% | 6,310 | 49.04% | 176 | 1.37% |
| 1980 | 6,901 | 49.89% | 5,834 | 42.18% | 1,097 | 7.93% |
| 1984 | 8,212 | 61.30% | 5,136 | 38.34% | 49 | 0.37% |
| 1988 | 6,664 | 51.05% | 6,341 | 48.58% | 49 | 0.38% |
| 1992 | 4,878 | 32.37% | 6,894 | 45.75% | 3,297 | 21.88% |
| 1996 | 4,525 | 33.54% | 7,114 | 52.73% | 1,853 | 13.73% |
| 2000 | 6,769 | 47.90% | 7,053 | 49.91% | 310 | 2.19% |
| 2004 | 7,665 | 50.39% | 7,407 | 48.70% | 139 | 0.91% |
| 2008 | 7,125 | 47.11% | 7,705 | 50.95% | 294 | 1.94% |
| 2012 | 7,298 | 51.79% | 6,549 | 46.48% | 244 | 1.73% |
| 2016 | 9,090 | 61.55% | 4,877 | 33.02% | 801 | 5.42% |
| 2020 | 10,686 | 62.91% | 6,000 | 35.32% | 301 | 1.77% |
| 2024 | 10,967 | 63.61% | 6,038 | 35.02% | 236 | 1.37% |
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2024 | 10,567 | 62.61% | 5,827 | 34.53% | 483 | 2.86% |
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2022 | 7,920 | 56.65% | 5,779 | 41.34% | 281 | 2.01% |
The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, keeps files of deeds and mortgages, maintains vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of welfare and other social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget but has only limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions — police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc. — are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.
The county operates three parks (and camp grounds) with beaches on local lakes,[34] namely Beaver Lake Park in Lachine;[35] Long Lake Park in Alpena;[36] and Sunken Lake Park in Posen[37]
Media
The Alpena News[38] is the daily newspaper of record for much of Northeast lower peninsula of Michigan. For a complete list of other media, see Alpena, Michigan.
Arts and culture
Museums
Historical markers
There are seven recognized historical markers in the county:[40]
- Alpena County Courthouse
- Alpena City Hall
- The Daniel Carter Family
- First Congregational Church [Alpena]
- Monarch Mill
- St. Bernard Catholic Church
- World's Largest Cement Plant
See also
References
- 1 2 3 "Bibliography on Alpena County". Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
- ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- 1 2 Newberry Library. "Michigan: Individual County Chronologies". Atlas of County Historical Boundaries. Archived from the original on November 6, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
- ↑ George Dawson (1840). Acts of the Legislature of the State of Michigan Passed at the Annual Session of 1840. Detroit. pp. 196–200.
- ↑ Romig, Walter (October 1, 1986) [1973]. Michigan Place Names: The History of the Founding and the Naming of More Than Five Thousand Past and Present Michigan Communities (Paperback). Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. ISBN 081431838X.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ↑ Herron, Catherine (1962). Herron, Nelson R. (ed.). "A History of the Place Names of Alpena County". Wilderness Chronicle (19–21) (published 1991–1992). Archived from the original on July 15, 2004.
- 1 2 3 "Michigan government on place names". Archived from the original on July 28, 2009. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
- ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
- ↑ "45th Parallel North America". wurlington-bros.com.
- ↑ "Google Groups". keyhole.com. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ "NPWRC :: Regional Landscape". usgs.gov. Archived from the original on June 25, 2013.
- ↑ Top 20 Michigan inland lakes. Archived April 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2025". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 6, 2026.
- ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
- ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
- ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
- ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
- ↑ "1980 Census of Population - General Social and Economic Characteristics - Michigan - Tables 15 and 16 – Race by Sex: 1980 and Tables 16 and 17 – Persons by Spanish Origin, Race, and Sex: 1980" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. p. 24-59. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 11, 2025 – via Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "1990 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Michigan: Table 3-5 - Race and Hispanic Origin" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. p. 37-179. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2026 – via Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Alpena County, Michigan". United States Census Bureau.
- ↑ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Alpena County, Michigan". United States Census Bureau.
- ↑ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Alpena County, Michigan". United States Census Bureau.
- ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
- ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
- ↑ not an option in the 1980 Census
- ↑ not an option in the 1990 Census
- 1 2 3 "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2026.
- ↑ "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved January 1, 2026.
- ↑ "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)". United States Census Bureau. 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2026.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
- ↑ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
- ↑ "2024 Senate Election (Official Returns)". Commonwealth of Michigan by county. November 5, 2024. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
- ↑ Alpena County Parks Archived December 8, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Beaver Lake Park Archived December 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Long Lake Park Archived December 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Sunken Lake Park Archived December 9, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "News, Sports, Jobs - The Alpena News". www.thealpenanews.com. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
- ↑ Neighbor Hub. "Home - Besser Museum". bessermuseum.org.
- ↑ "Michigan Historical Markers". michmarkers.com. Archived from the original on March 15, 2010. Retrieved January 8, 2008.
External links
- Alpena County Government
- Alpena County parks
- "Bibliography on Alpena County". Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University. Retrieved January 18, 2013.
- Alpena County Soil Survey, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Michigan State University Extension Service (soil, history, good general information)
- Besser Museum home page
- Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University, Bibliography on Alpena County
- Enchanted forest, Northern Michigan source for information, calendars, etc.
- Thunder Bay Marine Sanctuary, Underwater Preserve and Museum
Places adjacent to Alpena County, Michigan | ||||||||||||||||
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Municipalities and communities of Alpena County, Michigan, United States | ||
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| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
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45°02′N 83°12′W / 45.04°N 83.20°W / 45.04; -83.20
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